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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2]
Synonyms and keywords:Accidental heart murmur
Overview
Mammary souffle is a benign heart condition that is related to pregnancy
Historical Perspective
- Mammary souffle was first introduced by Gibson, G. A. classic paper about continous heart murmur on 1900.[1]
Classification
- A form of continuous benign murmur related to pregnancy.
Pathophysiology
- It is an innocent murmur.
- Continuous murmur with maximal intensity during systole.
- Best audible in intercostal spaces II-IV of sternal border.
Causes
- The exact mechanism of this condition is not determined.
- It is very common among pregnant women, every 3 will develop such condition out of 10.
Differentiating Mammary souffle from other Diseases
- Mammary souffle must be differentiated from other conditions with continuous heart murmur.
- For differential tale check patent ductus arteriosus differential table.
Epidemiology and Demographics
- The incidence of mammary souffle among pregnant women is about 15000 out of 100000 .
- There is no published difference between race or age of cases.
Risk Factors
- Mammary souffle is a benign physiologic condition .
- There is no known risk factor for this condition.
Screening
There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for Mammary souffle .
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
- Murmur can start from 3rd trimester and may continue until two weeks post partum.
- This situation is usually self-limited and does not need any follow up.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
The diagnosis of Mammary souffle is made when all other causes for continuous heart murmur are ruled out.
History and Symptoms
The majority of patients with Mammary souffle are asymptomatic.
Physical Examination
- Mammary souffle usually appears with a continuous murmur which subsides after one or two weeks post partum.
- Any positive cardiac related physical exam findings must be evaluated.
Laboratory Findings
There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with Mammary souffle.
Electrocardiogram
There are no ECG findings associated with Mammary souffle.
X-ray
There are no x-ray findings associated with Mammary souffle.
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with Mammary souffle.
CT scan
There are no CT scan findings associated with Mammary souffle.
MRI
There are no MRI findings associated with Mammary souffle.
Other Imaging Findings
There are no other imaging findings associated with Mammary souffle.
Other Diagnostic Studies
There are no other diagnostic studies associated with Mammary souffle.
References
- ↑ Scott, James T.; Murphy, Edmond A. (1958). "Mammary Souffle of Pregnancy". Circulation. 18 (5): 1038–1043. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.18.5.1038. ISSN 0009-7322.