Lung cancer classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kim-Son H. Nguyen M.D. Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] Rim Halaby, M.D. [3] Dildar Hussain, MBBS [4]

Overview

Primary lung cancers may be classified into small cell lung cancer (~15%) and non small cell lung cancer (~85%). Non small cell lung cancer are a heterogenous group of lung cancers that are often grouped together because they share similar clinical features (e.g. prognosis and management). The 2015 WHO histological classification of tumors of the lung categorized lung tumors into malignant epithelial tumors, benign epithelial tumors, lymphoproliferative tumors, miscellaneous tumors, and metastatic tumors.

Classification

Primary lung cancers may be classified into two main categories:[1]

 
 
Lung Cancer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung

The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies tumors of the lungs as follows:[2][1]

WHO Classification of Lung Tumors
Histological type Subtype
Epithelial tumors
Adenocarcinoma
  • Lepidic adenocarcinoma
  • Acinar adenocarcinoma
  • Papillary adenocarcinoma
  • Micropapillary adenocarcinoma
  • Solid adenocarcinoma
  • Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma
    • Mixed invasive mucinous
    • Nonmucinous adenocarcinoma
  • Colloid adenocarcinoma
  • Fetal adenocarcinoma
  • Enteric adenocarcinoma
  • Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma
  • Nonmucinous
    • Mucinous
  • Preinvasive lesions
    • Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
    • Adenocarcinoma in situ
      • Nonmucinous
      • Mucinous
Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
  • Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
  • Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
  • Preinvasive lesion
    • Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
Neuroendocrine tumors
Small cell carcinoma
  • Combined small cell carcinoma
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
  • Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
Carcinoid tumors
  • Typical carcinoid tumor
  • Atypical carcinoid tumor
Preinvasive lesion
  • Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia
Large cell carcinoma
  • N/A
Adenosquamous carcinoma
  • N/A
Sarcomatoid carcinomas
  • Pleomorphic carcinoma
  • Spindle cell carcinoma
  • Giant cell carcinoma
  • Carcinosarcoma
  • Pulmonary blastoma
Other and Unclassified carcinomas
  • Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma
  • NUT carcinoma
Salivary gland-type tumors
  • Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
  • Adenoid cystic carcinoma
  • Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma
  • Pleomorphic adenoma
Papillomas
  • Squamous cell papilloma
    • Exophytic
    • Inverted
  • Glandular papilloma
  • Mixed squamous and glandular papilloma
Adenomas
  • Sclerosing pneumocytoma
  • Alveolar adenoma
  • Papillary adenoma
  • Mucinous cystadenoma
  • Mucous gland adenoma
Mesenchymal tumors
Pulmonary hamartoma
  • N/A
Chondroma
  • N/A
PEComatous tumors
Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor
  • N/A
Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis
  • N/A
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
  • N/A
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
  • N/A
Pleuropulmonary blastoma
  • N/A
Synovial sarcoma
  • N/A
Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma
  • N/A
Pulmonary myxoid sarcoma with EWSR1–CREB1 translocation
  • N/A
Myoepithelial tumors
  • Myoepithelioma
  • Myoepithelial carcinoma
Lymphohistiocytic tumors
Extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated Lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)
  • N/A
Diffuse large cell lymphoma
  • N/A
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
  • N/A
Intravascular large B cell lymphoma
  • N/A
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
  • N/A
Erdheim–Chester disease
  • N/A
Tumors of ectopic origin
Germ cell tumors
  • Teratoma, mature
  • Teratoma, immature
Intrapulmonary thymoma
  • N/A
Melanoma
  • N/A
Meningioma, NOS
  • N/A

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Travis, William (2004). Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart. Lyon: IARC Press. ISBN 9283224183.
  2. "www.jto.org".

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