Inguinal hernia pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 64: Line 64:
==Genetics==
==Genetics==
*Genes involved in the pathogenesis of inguinal hernia include microdeletion disorders such as 22q11.2 microdeletion.<ref name="pmid19573673">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barnett C, Langer JC, Hinek A, Bradley TJ, Chitayat D |title=Looking past the lump: genetic aspects of inguinal hernia in children |journal=J. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=44 |issue=7 |pages=1423–31 |year=2009 |pmid=19573673 |doi=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.12.022 |url=}}</ref>
*Genes involved in the pathogenesis of inguinal hernia include microdeletion disorders such as 22q11.2 microdeletion.<ref name="pmid19573673">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barnett C, Langer JC, Hinek A, Bradley TJ, Chitayat D |title=Looking past the lump: genetic aspects of inguinal hernia in children |journal=J. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=44 |issue=7 |pages=1423–31 |year=2009 |pmid=19573673 |doi=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.12.022 |url=}}</ref>
==Associated Conditions==


==Microscopic Pathology==
==Microscopic Pathology==

Revision as of 17:02, 15 January 2018

Inguinal hernia Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Inguinal hernia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Inguinal hernia pathophysiology On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Inguinal hernia pathophysiology

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Inguinal hernia pathophysiology

CDC on Inguinal hernia pathophysiology

Inguinal hernia pathophysiology in the news

Blogs on Inguinal hernia pathophysiology

Directions to Hospitals Treating Inguinal hernia

Risk calculators and risk factors for Inguinal hernia pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR


[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

  • It is understood that indirected inguinal hernia is caused by:[1][2]
    • Passes through internal inguinal ring, traverses inguinal canal to external ring
    • May extend into scrotum in males and labia major in females
    • Passes lateral to inferior epigastric vessels and has an oblique inferior course
    • Considered a congenital defect and associated with a patent processus vaginalis
  • It is understood that directed inguinal hernia is caused by:
    • Protrusion through Hesselbach triangle
    • Generally does not extend into scrotum
    • Passes medial to inferior epigastric vessels
    • Considered an acquired defect


 
 
 
Predisposing factors
•Being male
•Having muscle weakness from birth along with a hernia sac
•Having muscle weakness from aging
•Having one or more inguinal hernia
 
 
 
Precipitating factors
•Being overweight or having a recent,large weight loss
•Having weak abdominal muscles from poor diet, lack of exercise or both
•Straining during urination or bowel movements
•Chronic cough,such as from smoking
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Incresed pressure in the compartment of the abdomen in develops
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Intraabdominal wall of inguinal canal into the scrotum becomes weakend
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Causing the inguinal ring not to close
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Evolves into a hole or defect
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fat or part of the small intestine slides through the inguinal canal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Swollen or enlarged scrotum
 
 
Feeling of weakness or pressure in the groin
 
 
 
Pain or discomfort
 

Genetics

  • Genes involved in the pathogenesis of inguinal hernia include microdeletion disorders such as 22q11.2 microdeletion.[3]

Microscopic Pathology

  • On microscopic histopathological analysis, inflammatory infiltration, vascular damage and regressive nerve lesions, fibrohyaline degeneration and fatty dystrophy of the muscle fibers are characteristic findings of inguinal hernia. [4]

References

  1. Berliner SD (1983). "Adult inguinal hernia: pathophysiology and repair". Surg Annu. 15: 307–29. PMID 6353636.
  2. Jenkins JT, O'Dwyer PJ (2008). "Inguinal hernias". BMJ. 336 (7638): 269–72. doi:10.1136/bmj.39450.428275.AD. PMC 2223000. PMID 18244999.
  3. Barnett C, Langer JC, Hinek A, Bradley TJ, Chitayat D (2009). "Looking past the lump: genetic aspects of inguinal hernia in children". J. Pediatr. Surg. 44 (7): 1423–31. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.12.022. PMID 19573673.
  4. Amato G, Agrusa A, Romano G, Salamone G, Cocorullo G, Mularo SA, Marasa S, Gulotta G (2013). "Histological findings in direct inguinal hernia : investigating the histological changes of the herniated groin looking forward to ascertain the pathogenesis of hernia disease". Hernia. 17 (6): 757–63. doi:10.1007/s10029-012-1032-0. PMID 23288217.

Template:WH Template:WS