Hypopharyngeal cancer medical therapy

Revision as of 17:20, 18 January 2019 by Gertrude Djouka (talk | contribs)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Hypopharyngeal cancer Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hypopharyngeal Cancer from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiogram or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Hypopharyngeal cancer medical therapy On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hypopharyngeal cancer medical therapy

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Hypopharyngeal cancer medical therapy

CDC on Hypopharyngeal cancer medical therapy

Hypopharyngeal cancer medical therapy in the news

Blogs on Hypopharyngeal cancer medical therapy

Directions to Hospitals Treating Hypopharyngeal cancer

Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypopharyngeal cancer medical therapy

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2],Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]

Overview

The medical therapy with the combination of the radiotherapy has been used compared to surgical therapy for the treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer.The optimal therapy for hypopharyngeal cancer depends on the stage at the time of diagnosis.

Medical Therapy

The optimal therapy for hypopharyngeal cancer depends on the stage at the time of diagnosis. Treatment according to stages is as follows:[1]

Stage Treatment

Stage 1

  • Laryngopharyngectomy and neck dissection with or without high-dose radiation therapy to the lymph nodes of the neck
  • Partial laryngopharyngectomy with or without high-dose radiation therapy to the lymph nodes on both sides of the neck

Stage 2

  • Laryngopharyngectomy and neck dissection
  • High-dose radiation therapy to the lymph nodes of the neck may be given before or after surgery
  • Chemotherapy given during or after radiation therapy or after surgery

Stage 3

  • Radiation therapy before or after surgery
  • Chemotherapy given during or after radiation therapy or after surgery
  • Radiation therapy followed by surgery to remove cancer containing lymph nodes in the neck that remain or come back after radiation therapy
  • If all or part of the hypopharynx is removed, the patient may need reconstructive surgery

Stage 4

  • Chemotherapy given with radiation therapy
  • Radiation therapy
  • Radiation therapy followed by surgery to remove cancer containing lymph nodes in the neck that remain or come back after radiation therapy
  • Chemotherapy for cancer that has metastasized (spread) to other parts of the body
  • Treatment of stage IV hypopharyngeal cancer that cannot be treated with surgery may include:
  • Chemotherapy given at the same time as radiation therapy
  • The goal of treatment is to completely remove the cancer and prevent it from metastasizing to other parts of the body
  • When the tumor is larger or has spread to lymph nodes in the neck, a combination of radiation and chemotherapy is often used to preserve the larynx

Supportive Treatment

Many patients also need swallowing rehabilitation after treatment to help them adjust to the changes in the structure of the throat.

Radiation Therapy

  • Radiation therapy is used as a single modality treatment in early lesions.
  • Laser surgery is gradually replacing radiotherapy for early lesions as the outcome of both are similar while the laser therapy requires a shorter in-patient period following the procedure.
  • Radiation is delivered by external beam in dedicated radiotherapy units.
  • Radiation affects both normal tissue and cancer tissue, and the salivary glands and oral mucosa are particularly affected.
  • Dryness is a common post-radiotherapy complaint.
  • The mandible is commonly devascularised following radiotherapy and very prone to osteomyelitis and necrosis, secondary to dental sepsis.

References

Template:WH Template:WS