Hypokalemia differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 19:57, 21 May 2018

Hypokalemia Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hypokalemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Algorithm

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Overview

Differentiating Causes of Hypokalemia

Differentiating the diseases that can cause hypokalemia is as following:

Diseases Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
Symptoms Physical examination
Lab Findings Imaging
Fatigue Fever Urinary symptoms Blood Pressure Skin lesions Edema ABG Urinalysis Other Ultrasonography CT scan
Polyuria Oliguria Nocturia
Renal and adrenal disorders Bartter syndrome + - + - +/- Normal or ↓ - - Metabolic alkalosis K, ↑Ca, ↑Cl - Normal Mental retardation, Sensorineural hearing loss
Gitelman syndrome + - + - + Normal - - Metabolic alkalosis K, ↓Ca, ↑Cl - Normal Growth retardation, Tetany, Muscle cramp
Liddle syndrome - - +/- - - - +/- Metabolic alkalosis K, ↓Na PRA, ↓PAC Pseudohyperaldosteronism
Diuretic use +/- - + - +/- - + Metabolic alkalosis K Na Normal Normal History -
Hemodialysis +/- +/- +/- - - Normal Pustular lesions - Metabolic alkalosis Normal Na Normal Normal History Carpal tunnel syndrome
Primary hyperaldosteronism + - + - + Facial flushing - Metabolic alkalosis K, ↓Na PRA, ↑PAC, ↓Na Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia Hypodense unilateral adrenal macroadenoma (>1 cm)  PAC:PRA ratio Mood disturbance, Paresthesia, Muscle cramps
Cushing syndrome + +/- +/- - - Facial plethora, Purple striae + Metabolic alkalosis Glucosuria BS Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia - Urinary free cortisol (24-hour) Dorsicocervical fat pad, Obesity, Hirsutism
Gastrointestinal disorders GI bleeding + - - + -
Vomiting + - - + -
Severe diarrhea + - - + -
Villous adenoma + - - + -
VIPoma + +/- - + -
Neuropsychiatric disorders Hypokalemic periodic paralysis + - - - +/- Normal or ↓
Central diabetes insipidus + - + - + Normal or ↓
Bulimia nervosa - - - +/- - Normal or ↓
Anorexia nervosa + - - +/- -
Primary polydipsia - - + - + Normal
Systemic diseases Hypothermia - - - +/- - Normal
Alcoholism + +/- + - + Normal or ↓
Diabetic ketoacidosis + +/- + - +
Hypomagnesemia + - - +/- - Normal
Burns +/- - - + -
Cystic fibrosis +/- +/- - +/- -

References


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