Hypoglycemia causes: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}


==Overview==
==== Overview ====


==Causes==
==== Causes ====
===Life Threatening Causes===
===== Life Threatening Causes =====


===Common Causes===
===== Common Causes =====


===Causes by Organ System===
===== Causes by Organ System =====
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetohexamide]], [[ACAD9 deficiency]], [[binge drinking]], [[coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency]], [[deficiency in enzymes of fat oxidation]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[diabetic gastroparesis]], [[dicarboxylic aminoaciduria]], [[fructose intolerance]], [[galactosemia]], [[glycogen debranching deficiency]], [[glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency]], [[hypoketonemic hypoglycemia]], [[Ketotic hypoglycemia of infancy]], [[Mcquarrie type infantile idiopathic hypoglycemia]], [[organic acidemia]], [[pyruvate carboxylase deficiency|pyruvate carboxylase deficiency]], [[phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) deficiency]], [[Urea cycle disorder]], [[Glucagon deficiency]], [[fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency]], [[Fructose intolerance]], [[Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency, hereditary]], [[galactosemia]],[[fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency]], [[glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[glutaric acidemia type 2]], [[glycogenosis type 1a]], [[glycogenosis type 1b]], [[glycogenosis type 3]], [[glycogenosis type 6]], [[glycogenosis type 9a]], [[glycogenosis type 9b]], [[glycogenosis type 9c]], [[glycogenosis type V]], [[HMG-CoA lyase deficiency]], [[HMG CoA synthetase deficiency]],[[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency]], [[inborn urea cycle disorder]], [[leucinosis]], [[long chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[malabsorption]], [[malonic aciduria]],[[malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency]], [[maple syrup urine disease]], [[medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Methylmalonic acidemia]], [[Nesidioblastosis]], [[organic acidemia]], [[propionic acidemia]], [[propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency PCCA type]], [[reactive hypoglycemia]], [[short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[tyrosinaemia type 1]], [[very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetohexamide]], [[ACAD9 deficiency]], [[binge drinking]], [[coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency]], [[deficiency in enzymes of fat oxidation]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[diabetic gastroparesis]], [[dicarboxylic aminoaciduria]], [[fructose intolerance]], [[galactosemia]], [[glycogen debranching deficiency]], [[glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency]], [[hypoketonemic hypoglycemia]], [[Ketotic hypoglycemia of infancy]], [[Mcquarrie type infantile idiopathic hypoglycemia]], [[organic acidemia]], [[pyruvate carboxylase deficiency|pyruvate carboxylase deficiency]], [[phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) deficiency]], [[urea cycle disorder]], [[glucagon deficiency]], [[fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency]], [[fructose intolerance]], [[Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency, hereditary]], [[galactosemia]],[[fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency]], [[glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[glutaric acidemia type 2]], [[glycogenosis type 1a]], [[glycogenosis type 1b]], [[glycogenosis type 3]], [[glycogenosis type 6]], [[glycogenosis type 9a]], [[glycogenosis type 9b]], [[glycogenosis type 9c]], [[glycogenosis type V]], [[HMG-CoA lyase deficiency]], [[HMG CoA synthetase deficiency]],[[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency]], [[inborn urea cycle disorder]], [[leucinosis]], [[long chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[malabsorption]], [[malonic aciduria]],[[malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency]], [[maple syrup urine disease]], [[medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[methylmalonic acidemia]], [[nesidioblastosis]], [[organic acidemia]], [[propionic acidemia]], [[propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency PCCA type]], [[reactive hypoglycemia]], [[short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[tyrosinaemia type 1]], [[very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
|-
|-
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Benign glucosuria]], [[renal Failure]], [[renal hypoglycemia]], [[uremia ]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Benign glucosuria]], [[renal failure]], [[renal hypoglycemia]], [[uremia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===== Causes in Alphabetical Order =====
 
ACTH Deficiency
 
2-Methylbutyryl-Coenzyme  A Dehydrogenase Deficiency
 
3-Alpha-Hydroxyacyl-Coa  Dehydrogenase Deficiency
 
3-Methylcrotonyl-Coa  Carboxylase Deficiency
 
6-Diphosphatase Deficiency
 
Acad9 Deficiency
 
Acetohexamide
 
Acute Fatty Liver Of  Pregnancy
 
Acute Fatty Liver  Of Pregnancy,Hemolytic Disease Of The Newborn
 
Acute Liver  Failure
 
Acute Meningitis
 
Addison's Disease
 
Adrenal Cancer
 
Adrenal Cortex  Insufficiency
 
Adrenal  Hypoplasia Congenital
 
Adrenal  Insufficiency
 
Alcoholism
 
Aldolase A  Deficiency
 
Alpers Syndrome
 
Amprenavir
 
Anorexia Nervosa
 
Aspart
 
Autoimmune  Adrenalitis
 
Beckwith-Weidemann  Syndrome Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome Type 1b
 
Benign Glucosuria
 
Binge Drinking
 
Breast Cancer
 
Bullimia Nervosa
 
Burns
 
Cachexia
 
Carnitine  Palmitoyltransferase 1 Deficiency
 
Carnitine-Acylcarnitine  Translocase Deficiency
 
Chloramphenicol
 
Chlorpromazine
 
Chlorpropamide
 
Chronic  Hypoglycemia
 
Cibenzoline
 
Cidofovir
 
Cirrhosis
 
Cleft Lip Palate  Pituitary Deficiency
 
Clove
 
Coenzyme Q  Cytochrome C Reductase Deficiency
 
Congenital  Hyperinsulinism
 
Debrancher  Deficiency
 
Deficiency In  Enzymes Of Fat Oxidation
 
Delayed  Separation Blood Sample
 
Detemir
 
Diabetes Mellitus
 
Diabetes Mellitus  Type 1
 
Diabetes Mellitus  Type 2
 
Diabetic  Gastroparesis
 
Diabetic Mother
 
Diarrhea
 
Dicarboxylic  Aminoaciduria
 
Dihydrolipoamide  Dehydrogenase Deficiency
 
Dipeptidyl
 
Doege-Potter  Syndrome
 
Donohue Syndrome
 
Dopamine Beta  Hydroxylase Deficiency | Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase Deficiency
 
Drip Arm Sample
 
Dumping Syndrome
 
Empagliflozin
 
Ethanol
 
Ethionamide
 
Factitious  Hypoglycemia
 
Factor
 
Familial  Glucocorticoid Deficiency
 
Familial  Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia Type 3
 
Familial  Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia Type 5
 
Familial  Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia Type 7
 
Fasting
 
Fluorodeoxyglucose
 
Fructose  Intolerance
 
Fructose-1
 
Fructose-1-Phosphate  Aldolase Deficiency
 
Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase  Deficiency
 
Functioning  Pancreatic Endocrine Tumor
 
Galactose-1-Phosphate  Uridyltransferase Deficiency
 
Galactosemia
 
Galactosemia,Fructose-1-Phosphate  Aldolase Deficiency
 
Gastric Dumping  Syndrome
 
Gastrojejunostomy
 
[[Gatifloxacin]]
 
[[Gestational diabetes]]
 
[[Ginseng]]
 
[[Glargine]]
 
[[Glibenclamide]]
 
[[Gliclazide]]
 
[[Glimepiride]]
 
[[Glipizide]]
 
[[Gliquidone]]
 
[[Glisolamide]]
 
[[Glisoxepide]]
 
[[Glucagon deficiency]]
 
[[Glucocorticoid deficiency 1]]
 
[[Glucokinase mutations]]
 
[[Glucose 6 phosphatase deficiency]]
 
[[Glutaric acidemia type 2]]
 
[[Glyburide]]
 
[[Glycogen debranching deficiency]]
 
[[Glycogenosis Type 1a]]
 
[[Glycogenosis Type 1b]]
 
[[Glycogenosis Type 3]]
 
[[Glycogenosis Type 6]]
 
[[Glycogenosis Type 9a]]
 
[[Glycogenosis Type 9b]]
 
[[Glycogenosis Type 9c]]
 
[[Glycogenosis Type V]]
 
[[Growth hormone deficiency]]
 
[[Heavy exercise]]
 
[[Hemolytic disease of the newborn]]
 
[[Hepatic congestion]]
 
[[Hepatic failure]]
 
[[Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1a]]
 
[[Hereditary ACTH resistance]]
 
[[Hmg Coa synthetase deficiency]]
 
[[Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coa lyase deficiency]]
 
[[Hmg-Coa lyase deficiency]]
 
[[Hydrochloride]]
 
[[Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coa lyase deficiency]]
 
[[Hyperinsulinism]]
 
[[Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome]]
 
[[Hypoglycemia]]
 
[[Hypoketonemic hypoglycemia]]
 
[[Hypopituitarism]]
 
[[Hypothermia]]
 
[[Hypothyroidism]]
 
[[Idiopathic growth hormone deficiency]]
 
[[Idiopathic hypoglycemia]]
 
[[Idiopathic postprandial syndrome]]
 
[[Igf producing tumors]]
 
[[Immunopathologic hypoglycemia]]
 
[[Inborn urea cycle disorder]]
 
[[Insulin]]
 
[[Insulin like growth factor]]
 
[[Insulin receptor antibodies]]
 
[[Insulinoma]]
 
[[Intrauterine growth retardation]]
 
[[Isethionate]]
 
[[Islet cell adenoma]]
 
[[KATP channel defects]]
 
[[Ketotic  hypoglycemia]]
 
[[Ketotic hypoglycemia of infancy]]
 
[[Lanreotide]]
 
[[Laron dwarfism]]
 
[[Leucine-Induced hypoglycaemia]]
 
[[Leucinosis]]
 
[[Levobunolol]]
 
[[Levomepromazine]]
 
[[Linagliptin]]
 
[[Liver cancer]]
 
[[Liver glycogen synthase deficiency]]
 
[[Long Chain hydroxyacyl-Coa dehydrogenase deficiency]]
 
[[Lorcaserin]]
 
[[Malabsorption]]
 
[[Malaria]]
 
[[Maldigestion]]
 
[[Malnutrition]]
 
[[Malonic aciduria malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency]]
 
[[Malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency]]
 
[[Maple syrup urine disease]]
 
[[Mcquarrie type infantile idiopathic hypoglycemia]]
 
[[Mecasermin]]
 
[[Medium Chain Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency]]
 
[[Meropenem]]
 
[[Mesothelioma]]
 
[[Metastatic insulinoma]]
 
[[Methylmalonic acidemia]]
 
[[Mitiglinide]]
 
[[Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome]]
 
[[Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]]
 
[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]]
 
[[Munchausen syndrome]]
 
[[Myxedema coma]]
 
[[Nateglinide]]
 
[[Neonatal bacterial meningitis]]
 
[[Nesidioblastosis]]
 
[[Nesidioblastosis]]
 
[[Nitisinone]]
 
[[Organic acidemia]]
 
[[Oxcarbazepine]]
 
[[Pancreatic cancer]]
 
[[Paternal uniparental disomy]]
 
[[Pazopanib]]
 
[[Pegvisomant]]
 
[[Penicillamine]]
 
[[Pentamidine]]
 
Peptidase-4
 
[[Perazine]]
 
[[Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency]]
 
[[Pipothiazine]]
 
[[Pituitary Dwarfism]]
 
[[Plasma Membrane  Carnitine Transporter Deficiency]]
 
[[Postgastrectomy  Syndrome]]
 
[[Pramipexole]]
 
[[Pramlintide]]
 
[[Pregnancy]]
 
[[Premature Labour  And/Or Delivery]]
 
[[Primary Carnitine  Deficiency]]
 
[[Propionic  Acidemia]]
 
[[Propionyl-Coa  Carboxylase Deficiency Pcca Type]]
 
[[Pyloroplasty]]
 
[[Pyruvate  Carboxylase Deficiency]]
 
[[Pyruvate  Carboxylase Deficiency|Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency]]
 
[[Quinine]]
 
[[Reactive  Hypoglycemia]]
 
[[Renal Failure]]
 
[[Renal Hypoglycemia]]
 
[[Repaglinide]]
 
[[Reye Syndrome]]
 
[[Rifaximin]]
 
[[Ritonavir]]
 
[[Saquinavir]]
 
[[Saxagliptin]]
 
[[Sepsis]]
 
[[Septic Shock]]
 
[[Sertraline]]
 
[[Severe Hepatitis]]
 
[[Sheehan's Syndrome]]
 
[[Shock]]
 
[[Short Chain  Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency]]
 
[[Somatostatin]]
 
[[Starvation]]
 
[[Strenuous Exercise]]
 
[[Sulfamethoxazole]]
 
[[Temafloxacin]]
 
[[Thalidomide]]
 
[[Timme Syndrome]]
 
[[Tolazamide]]
 
[[Tolbutamide]]
 
[[Trimethoprim]]
 
[[Triple A Syndrome]]
 
[[Tumors]]
 
[[Tyrosinaemia Type 1]]
 
[[ Tyrosinemia]]
 
[[Uncoupling Protein 2]]
 
[[Urea Cycle Disorder]]
 
[[Uremia]]
 
[[Very Long-Chain Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency]]
 
[[Vildagliptin]]
 
[[Visceral Leishmaniasis]]
 
[[Wilms Tumor]]
 


{{MultiCol}}
*[[1,1-Dichloroethene]]
*[[2-methylbutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency]]
*[[ACAD9 deficiency]]
*[[Acetohexamide]]
*[[Ackee fruit ]]
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]
*[[Acute liver failure]]
*[[Acute meningitis]]
*[[Addison's disease]]
*[[Adrenal cancer]]
*[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]
*[[Adrenal insufficiency]]
*[[Alcoholism]]
*[[Alpers Syndrome]]
*[[Amprenavir]]
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]
*[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]
*[[Autonomic dystonia]]
*[[Autonomic neuropathy]]
*[[Beginning stages of diabetes]]
*[[Benign glucosuria]]
*[[Binge drinking]]
*[[Bullimia nervosa]]
*[[Burns]]
*[[Cachexia]]
*[[Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1b]]
*[[Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 deficiency]]
*[[Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency]]
*[[Chloramphenicol]]
*[[Chlorpromazine]]
*[[Chlorpropamide]]
*[[Cidofovir]]
*[[Cibenzoline]]
*[[Cirrhosis]]
*[[Cleft lip palate pituitary deficiency]]
*[[Clove]]
*[[Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency]]
*[[Deficiency in enzymes of fat oxidation]]
*[[Delayed separation blood sample]]
*[[Diabetic gastroparesis]]
*[[Diabetic mother]]
*[[Diarrhea]]
*[[Dicarboxylicaminoaciduria]]
*[[Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Doege-Potter syndrome]]
*[[Donohue syndrome]]
*[[Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency]]
*[[Drip arm sample]]
*[[Dumping syndrome]]
*[[Elevated vagal tone]]
*[[Ethanol]]
*[[Ethionamide]]
*[[Familial glucocorticoid deficiency]]
*[[Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 3]]
*[[Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 5]]
*[[Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 7]]
*[[Fasting ]]
*[[Fluorodeoxyglucose]]
*[[Fructose intolerance]]
*[[Fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency]]
*[[Fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency]]
*[[Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor]]
*[[Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency]]
*[[Galactosemia]]
*[[Gastric dumping syndrome]]
*[[Gastrojejunostomy]]
*[[Gatifloxacin]]
*[[Gestational diabetes]]
*[[Ginseng]]
*[[Glibenclamide]]
*[[Gliclazide]]
*[[Glimepiride]]
*[[Glipizide]]
*[[Gliquidone]]
*[[Glisolamide]]
*[[Glisoxepide]]
*[[Glucagon deficiency]]
*[[Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Glutaric acidemia type 2]]
*[[Glycogen debranching deficiency]]
*[[Glycogenosis type 1a]]
*[[Glycogenosis type 1b]]
*[[Glycogenosis type 3]]
*[[Glycogenosis type 6]]
*[[Glycogenosis type 9a]]
*[[Glycogenosis type 9b]]
*[[Glycogenosis type 9c]]
*[[Glycogenosis type V]]
*[[Growth hormone deficiency (congenital)]]
*[[Heavy exercise]]
*[[Hemolytic disease of the newborn]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Hepatic congestion]]
*[[Hepatic failure]]
*[[Hereditary ACTH resistance]]
*[[HMG-CoA lyase deficiency]]
*[[Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency]]
*[[Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome]]
*[[Hypoketonemic hypoglycemia]]
*[[Hypopituitarism]]
*[[Hypothermia]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Idiopathic hypoglycemia]]
*[[Idiopathic postprandial syndrome]]
*[[IGF producing tumors]]
*[[Immunopathologic hypoglycemia]]
*[[Insulin]]
*[[Insulin like growth factor ]]
*[[Insulin lispro]]
*[[Insulin receptor antibodies]]
*[[Insulinoma]]
*[[Intrauterine growth retardation]]
*[[Jamaican vomiting sickness]]
*[[Janumet]] ([[sitagliptin]] and [[metformin]])
*[[Ketotic hypoglycemia of infancy]]
*[[Lanreotide]]
*[[Laron dwarfism]]
*[[Leucine-induced hypoglycaemia]]
*[[Levomepromazine]]
*[[Liver cancer]]
*[[Liver glycogen synthase deficiency]]
*[[Long chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Malabsorption]]
*[[Malaria (malignant tertian)]]
*[[Maldigestion]]
*[[Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency]]
*[[Maple syrup urine disease]]
*[[Mcquarrie type infantile idiopathic hypoglycemia]]
*[[Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Mesothelioma]]
*[[Methylmalonic acidemia]]
*[[Mitiglinide]]
*[[Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form]]
*[[Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]]
*[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia ]]
*[[Munchausen syndrome]]
*[[Myxedema coma]]
*[[Nateglinide]]
*[[Navajo neurohepatopathy]]
*[[Nephroblastomatosis-fetal ascites-macrosomia-wilms tumor]]
*[[Nesidioblastosis]]
*[[Organic acidemia]]
*[[Pazopanib]]
*[[Pentamidine]]
*[[Perazine]]
*[[Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) deficiency]]
*[[Pipothiazine]]
*[[Plasma membrane carnitine transporter deficiency]]
*[[Postgastrectomy syndrome]]
*[[Pramlintide]]
*[[Pregnancy]]
*[[Premature labour and/or delivery]]
*[[Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency PCCA type]]
*[[Pyloroplasty]]
*[[Quinine]]
*[[Reactive hypoglycemia]]
*[[Renal Failure]]
*[[Renal hypoglycemia]]
*[[Repaglinide]]
*[[Reye syndrome]]
*[[Ritonavir]]
*[[Saquinavir]]
*[[Sepsis]]
*[[Septic shock]]
*[[Severe hepatitis]]
*[[Sheehan syndrome]]
*[[Short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Short stature-pituitary and cerebellar defects-small sella turcica]]
*[[Somatostatin]]
*[[Starvation (acute)]]
*[[Sulfamethoxazole]]
*[[Systemic monochloroacetate poisoning]]
*[[Temafloxacin]]
*[[Timme syndrome]]
*[[Tolazamide]]
*[[Tolbutamide]]
*[[Trimethoprim]]
*[[Triple A syndrome]]
*[[Tumors]]
*[[Tyrosinaemia type 1]]
*[[Urea cycle disorder]]
*[[Uremia ]]
*[[Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Visceral leishmaniasis]]
*[[Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome]]
*[[X-linked congenital adrenal hypoplasia ]]
{{EndMultiCol}}


== Causes ==
== Causes ==

Revision as of 17:30, 25 November 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Causes

Life Threatening Causes
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning 1,1-Dichloroethene, clove, ethanol, ginsen, jamaican vomiting sickness, systemic monochloroacetate poisoning
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Acetohexamide, amprenavir, chloramphenicol, chlorpromazine, chlorpropamide, cidofovir, cibenzoline, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, empagliflozin, ethanol, ethionamide, fluorodeoxyglucose, gatifloxacin, ginseng, glibenclamide, gliclazide, glimepiride, glipizide, gliquidone, glisolamide, glisoxepide, glyburide, insulin aspart, insulin detemir, insulin glargine, insulin-like growth factor, lanreotide, levomepromazine, levobunolol hydrochloride, linagliptin, lorcaserin, mecasermin, meropenem, mitiglinide, nateglinide, nitisinone, oxcarbazepine, pazopanib, pegvisomant, penicillamine, pentamidine isethionate, perazine, pipothiazine, pramipexole, pramlintide, quinine, repaglinide, rifaximin, ritonavir, saxagliptin, saquinavir, sertraline, somatostatin, sulfamethoxazole, temafloxacin, thalidomide, tolazamide, tolbutamide, trimethoprim, vildagliptin, zonisamide
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Addison's disease, ACTH deficiency, adrenal cancer, adrenal cortex insufficiency, adrenal insufficiency, autoimmune adrenalitis, congenital hyperinsulinism, diabetes mellitus type 1, diabetes mellitus type 2, diabetic gastroparesis, functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor, glucocorticoid deficiency 1, growth hormone deficiency, hyperinsulinism, hyperinsulinism due to glutamodehydrogenase deficiency,hypopituitarism, hypoglycemia, hypothyroidism, hypopituitarism, islet cell adenoma, insulin, insulinoma, idiopathic growth hormone deficiency, ketotic hypoglycemia, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, myxedema coma, nesidioblastosis, pancreatic cancer, pituitary dwarfism II, sheehan's syndrome, timme syndrome, tyrosinemia, Wilms tumor
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, acute liver failure, cirrhosis, diabetic gastroparesis, diarrhea, dumping syndrome, functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor, gastric dumping syndrome, hepatic congestion, hepatic failure, idiopathic postprandial syndrome, Insulinoma, liver cancer, malabsorption, maldigestion, reactive hypoglycemia, severe hepatitis
Genetic 2-methylbutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, 3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency, ACAD9 deficiency, adrenal hypoplasia congenital, X-linked, acetohexamide, aldolase A deficiency, alpers syndrome, Beckwith-Weidemann Syndrome carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1b, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 deficiency, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency, cleft lip palate pituitary deficiency, debrancher deficiency, dicarboxylicaminoaciduria, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency, Donohue syndrome, dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency, familial glucocorticoid deficiency, familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 3, familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 5, familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 7, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency, fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency, galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, glutaric acidemia type 2, glucokinase mutations, glycogenosis type 1a, glycogenosis type 1b, glycogenosis type 3, glycogenosis type 6, glycogenosis type 9a, glycogenosis type 9b, glycogenosis type 9c, glycogenosis type V, growth hormone deficiency, hereditary ACTH resistance, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1a, HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome, KATP channel defects, Laron dwarfism, leucine-induced hypoglycaemia, liver glycogen synthase deficiency, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, maple syrup urine disease, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, methylmalonic acidemia, mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form, mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, monocarboxylate transporter 1,navajo neurohepatopathy, nesidioblastosis, paternal uniparental disomy, Plasma membrane carnitine transporter deficiency, Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency PCCA type, propionic acidemia, primary carnitine deficiency, pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, Short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, triple A syndrome, tyrosinaemia type 1, uncoupling protein 2, very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, septic shock
Hematologic Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Iatrogenic Gastrojejunostomy, gastric dumping syndrome, postgastrectomy syndrome, pyloroplasty, Reye syndrome
Infectious Disease Acute meningitis, malaria, neonatal bacterial meningitis, Reye's syndrome, sepsis, visceral leishmaniasis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho No underlying causes
Neurologic Acute meningitis, autonomic dystonia, autonomic neuropathy, elevated vagal tone, Reye's syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic Acetohexamide, ACAD9 deficiency, binge drinking, coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency, deficiency in enzymes of fat oxidation, diabetes mellitus, diabetic gastroparesis, dicarboxylic aminoaciduria, fructose intolerance, galactosemia, glycogen debranching deficiency, glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, hypoketonemic hypoglycemia, Ketotic hypoglycemia of infancy, Mcquarrie type infantile idiopathic hypoglycemia, organic acidemia, pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) deficiency, urea cycle disorder, glucagon deficiency, fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency, fructose intolerance, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency, hereditary, galactosemia,fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, glutaric acidemia type 2, glycogenosis type 1a, glycogenosis type 1b, glycogenosis type 3, glycogenosis type 6, glycogenosis type 9a, glycogenosis type 9b, glycogenosis type 9c, glycogenosis type V, HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, HMG CoA synthetase deficiency,hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, inborn urea cycle disorder, leucinosis, long chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, malabsorption, malonic aciduria,malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, maple syrup urine disease, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, methylmalonic acidemia, nesidioblastosis, organic acidemia, propionic acidemia, propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency PCCA type, reactive hypoglycemia, short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, tyrosinaemia type 1, very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic Diabetic mother, gestational diabetes, intrauterine growth retardation, pregnancy, premature labour and/or delivery, sheehan syndrome, acute fatty liver of pregnancy,hemolytic disease of the newborn
Oncologic Adrenal cancer, breast cancer, Doege-potter syndrome, IGF producing tumors, tumors, pancreatic cancer, insulinoma, liver cancer, mesothelioma, metastatic insulinoma
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Acetohexamide, amprenavir, chloramphenicol, chlorpromazine, chlorpropamide, cibenzoline, clove, ethanol, ethionamide, fluorodeoxyglucose, gatifloxacin, ginseng, glibenclamide, gliclazide, glimepiride, glipizide, gliquidone, glisolamide, glisoxepide, insulin, insulin like growth factor , lanreotide, levomepromazine, mitiglinide, nateglinide, pazopanib, pentamidine, perazine, pipothiazine, pramlintide, quinine, repaglinide, ritonavir, saquinavir, somatostatin, sulfamethoxazole, temafloxacin, tolazamide, tolbutamide, trimethoprim
Psychiatric Anorexia nervosa, bullimia nervosa, Munchausen syndrome, factitious hypoglycemia
Pulmonary Mesothelioma
Renal / Electrolyte Benign glucosuria, renal failure, renal hypoglycemia, uremia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Autoimmune adrenalitis, hemolytic disease of the newborn, immunopathologic hypoglycemia, insulin receptor antibodies
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Burns
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Alcoholism, binge drinking, burns, cachexia, chronic hypoglycemia, delayed separation blood sample, drip arm sample, fasting, heavy exercise, hepatic failure, hypothermia, idiopathic hypoglycemia, insulin shock, malnutrition, Mcquarrie type infantile idiopathic hypoglycemia, pregnancy, sepsis, starvation, strenuous exercise, shock
Causes in Alphabetical Order

ACTH Deficiency

2-Methylbutyryl-Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency

3-Alpha-Hydroxyacyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency

3-Methylcrotonyl-Coa Carboxylase Deficiency

6-Diphosphatase Deficiency

Acad9 Deficiency

Acetohexamide

Acute Fatty Liver Of Pregnancy

Acute Fatty Liver Of Pregnancy,Hemolytic Disease Of The Newborn

Acute Liver Failure

Acute Meningitis

Addison's Disease

Adrenal Cancer

Adrenal Cortex Insufficiency

Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenital

Adrenal Insufficiency

Alcoholism

Aldolase A Deficiency

Alpers Syndrome

Amprenavir

Anorexia Nervosa

Aspart

Autoimmune Adrenalitis

Beckwith-Weidemann Syndrome Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome Type 1b

Benign Glucosuria

Binge Drinking

Breast Cancer

Bullimia Nervosa

Burns

Cachexia

Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1 Deficiency

Carnitine-Acylcarnitine Translocase Deficiency

Chloramphenicol

Chlorpromazine

Chlorpropamide

Chronic Hypoglycemia

Cibenzoline

Cidofovir

Cirrhosis

Cleft Lip Palate Pituitary Deficiency

Clove

Coenzyme Q Cytochrome C Reductase Deficiency

Congenital Hyperinsulinism

Debrancher Deficiency

Deficiency In Enzymes Of Fat Oxidation

Delayed Separation Blood Sample

Detemir

Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Diabetic Gastroparesis

Diabetic Mother

Diarrhea

Dicarboxylic Aminoaciduria

Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Dipeptidyl

Doege-Potter Syndrome

Donohue Syndrome

Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase Deficiency | Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase Deficiency

Drip Arm Sample

Dumping Syndrome

Empagliflozin

Ethanol

Ethionamide

Factitious Hypoglycemia

Factor

Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency

Familial Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia Type 3

Familial Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia Type 5

Familial Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia Type 7

Fasting

Fluorodeoxyglucose

Fructose Intolerance

Fructose-1

Fructose-1-Phosphate Aldolase Deficiency

Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase Deficiency

Functioning Pancreatic Endocrine Tumor

Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase Deficiency

Galactosemia

Galactosemia,Fructose-1-Phosphate Aldolase Deficiency

Gastric Dumping Syndrome

Gastrojejunostomy

Gatifloxacin

Gestational diabetes

Ginseng

Glargine

Glibenclamide

Gliclazide

Glimepiride

Glipizide

Gliquidone

Glisolamide

Glisoxepide

Glucagon deficiency

Glucocorticoid deficiency 1

Glucokinase mutations

Glucose 6 phosphatase deficiency

Glutaric acidemia type 2

Glyburide

Glycogen debranching deficiency

Glycogenosis Type 1a

Glycogenosis Type 1b

Glycogenosis Type 3

Glycogenosis Type 6

Glycogenosis Type 9a

Glycogenosis Type 9b

Glycogenosis Type 9c

Glycogenosis Type V

Growth hormone deficiency

Heavy exercise

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Hepatic congestion

Hepatic failure

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1a

Hereditary ACTH resistance

Hmg Coa synthetase deficiency

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coa lyase deficiency

Hmg-Coa lyase deficiency

Hydrochloride

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coa lyase deficiency

Hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome

Hypoglycemia

Hypoketonemic hypoglycemia

Hypopituitarism

Hypothermia

Hypothyroidism

Idiopathic growth hormone deficiency

Idiopathic hypoglycemia

Idiopathic postprandial syndrome

Igf producing tumors

Immunopathologic hypoglycemia

Inborn urea cycle disorder

Insulin

Insulin like growth factor

Insulin receptor antibodies

Insulinoma

Intrauterine growth retardation

Isethionate

Islet cell adenoma

KATP channel defects

Ketotic hypoglycemia

Ketotic hypoglycemia of infancy

Lanreotide

Laron dwarfism

Leucine-Induced hypoglycaemia

Leucinosis

Levobunolol

Levomepromazine

Linagliptin

Liver cancer

Liver glycogen synthase deficiency

Long Chain hydroxyacyl-Coa dehydrogenase deficiency

Lorcaserin

Malabsorption

Malaria

Maldigestion

Malnutrition

Malonic aciduria malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency

Malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency

Maple syrup urine disease

Mcquarrie type infantile idiopathic hypoglycemia

Mecasermin

Medium Chain Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Meropenem

Mesothelioma

Metastatic insulinoma

Methylmalonic acidemia

Mitiglinide

Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome

Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

Munchausen syndrome

Myxedema coma

Nateglinide

Neonatal bacterial meningitis

Nesidioblastosis

Nesidioblastosis

Nitisinone

Organic acidemia

Oxcarbazepine

Pancreatic cancer

Paternal uniparental disomy

Pazopanib

Pegvisomant

Penicillamine

Pentamidine

Peptidase-4

Perazine

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency

Pipothiazine

Pituitary Dwarfism

Plasma Membrane Carnitine Transporter Deficiency

Postgastrectomy Syndrome

Pramipexole

Pramlintide

Pregnancy

Premature Labour And/Or Delivery

Primary Carnitine Deficiency

Propionic Acidemia

Propionyl-Coa Carboxylase Deficiency Pcca Type

Pyloroplasty

Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency

Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency

Quinine

Reactive Hypoglycemia

Renal Failure

Renal Hypoglycemia

Repaglinide

Reye Syndrome

Rifaximin

Ritonavir

Saquinavir

Saxagliptin

Sepsis

Septic Shock

Sertraline

Severe Hepatitis

Sheehan's Syndrome

Shock

Short Chain Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Somatostatin

Starvation

Strenuous Exercise

Sulfamethoxazole

Temafloxacin

Thalidomide

Timme Syndrome

Tolazamide

Tolbutamide

Trimethoprim

Triple A Syndrome

Tumors

Tyrosinaemia Type 1

Tyrosinemia

Uncoupling Protein 2

Urea Cycle Disorder

Uremia

Very Long-Chain Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Vildagliptin

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Wilms Tumor


Causes

Common Causes

Hypoglycemia in Newborn Infants

Hypoglycemia is a common problem in critically ill or extremely low birthweight infants. If not due to maternal hyperglycemia, in most cases it is multifactorial, transient and easily supported. In a minority of cases hypoglycemia turns out to be due to significant hyperinsulinism, hypopituitarism or an inborn error of metabolism and presents more of a management challenge.

Hypoglycemia in Young Children

Single episodes of hypoglycemia due to gastroenteritis or fasting, but recurrent episodes nearly always indicate either an inborn error of metabolism, congenital hypopituitarism, or congenital hyperinsulinism

Hypoglycemia in Older Children and Young Adults

By far the most common cause of severe hypoglycemia in this age range is insulin injected for type 1 diabetes. Circumstances should provide clues fairly quickly for the new diseases causing severe hypoglycemia. All of the congenital metabolic defects, congenital forms of hyperinsulinism, and congenital hypopituitarism are likely to have already been diagnosed or are unlikely to start causing new hypoglycemia at this age. Body mass is large enough to make starvation hypoglycemia and idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia quite uncommon. Recurrent mild hypoglycemia may fit a reactive hypoglycemia pattern, but this is also the peak age for idiopathic postprandial syndrome, and recurrent "spells" in this age group can be traced to orthostatic hypotension or hyperventilation as often as demonstrable hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemia in Older Adults

The incidence of hypoglycemia due to complex drug interactions, especially involving oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin for diabetes rises with age. Though much rarer, the incidence of insulin-producing tumors also rises with advancing age. Most tumors causing hypoglycemia by mechanisms other than insulin excess occur in adults.

References

  1. ↑ "The Hypoglycemic states - Hypoglycemia". The Hypoglycemic states. Armenian Medical Network. 2007. Text " Umesh Masharani, MB, BS, MRCP(UK) " ignored (help)


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