Hypochloremia
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Hypochloremia (or Hypochloraemia) is an electrolyte disturbance whereby there is an abnormally depleted level of the chloride ion in the blood. It rarely occurs in the absence of other abnormalities. If it occurs together with metabolic alkalosis (decreased blood acidity) it is often due to vomiting.
Normal values of Chloride: 99-111 mEq/L (99-111 mmol/L)
Primary anion of extracellular fluid compartment; aids in maintenance of acid-base balance.
Causes
Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Hypochloremia
- ACTH-secreting tumors
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Bulimia Nervosa
- Burns
- Congestive Heart Failure
- Cushing's Syndrome
- Diabetic coma
- Diarrhea
- Drugs
- Excessive sweating
- Gastric suction
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Hyponatremia
- Overconsumption of licorice
- Pseudohyponatremia
- Renal failure
- Respiratory losses
- Salt-losing nephritis
- Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
- Vomiting
Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Hypochloremia
(By organ system)
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | ACTH-secreting tumors |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | ACTH-secreting tumors |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
References
External links
Template:Fluid, electrolyte, acid base metabolic pathology
Template:Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic pathology