Hyperventilation syndrome

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

In psychiatry, hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) is an episodic disorder that often presents with chest pain and a tingling sensation of the fingertips (paresthesia) and around the mouth, as well as deep and labored breathing (causing hyperventilation), although chronic but subtle hyperventilation can cause these symptoms too.

HVS can be part of a panic attack but, despite all the stigma, most patients are not putting on a show but are in true distress.

People with HVS feel like they can't get enough air, but the opposite is actually true: they have too much oxygen and too little carbon dioxide in their blood. The hyperventilation is self-promulgating as rapid breathing causes carbon dioxide (Template:Carbon dioxide) levels to fall, and respiratory alkalosis (high blood pH) develops. This makes the symptoms worse, which causes the patient to try breathing even faster, which further exacerbates the problem.

The respiratory alkalosis leads to changes in the way the nervous system fires and leads to the paresthesia, dizziness, and perceptual changes that often accompany this condition.

A rapid traditional intervention is to have the patient breathe into a paper bag, causing rebreathing and restoration of CO₂ levels. Some physicians do not advise the paper bag rebreathing method due to the possibility of inhaling too much carbon dioxide.

The same benefits can be obtained from deliberately slowing down the breathing rate by counting or looking at a the second hand on a watch. This is often referred to as "7-11 breathing", because a gentle inhalation is stretched out to take 7 seconds (or counts), and the exhalation is slowed to take 11 seconds.

See also

• Da costa's syndrome.

Cost Effectiveness of Hyperventilation syndrome

| group5 = Clinical Trials Involving Hyperventilation syndrome | list5 = Ongoing Trials on Hyperventilation syndrome at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Hyperventilation syndrome • Clinical Trials on Hyperventilation syndrome at Google

| group6 = Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Hyperventilation syndrome | list6 = US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Hyperventilation syndrome • NICE Guidance on Hyperventilation syndrome • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Hyperventilation syndrome • CDC on Hyperventilation syndrome

| group7 = Textbook Information on Hyperventilation syndrome | list7 = Books and Textbook Information on Hyperventilation syndrome

| group8 = Pharmacology Resources on Hyperventilation syndrome | list8 = AND (Dose)}} Dosing of Hyperventilation syndrome • AND (drug interactions)}} Drug interactions with Hyperventilation syndrome • AND (side effects)}} Side effects of Hyperventilation syndrome • AND (Allergy)}} Allergic reactions to Hyperventilation syndrome • AND (overdose)}} Overdose information on Hyperventilation syndrome • AND (carcinogenicity)}} Carcinogenicity information on Hyperventilation syndrome • AND (pregnancy)}} Hyperventilation syndrome in pregnancy • AND (pharmacokinetics)}} Pharmacokinetics of Hyperventilation syndrome •

| group9 = Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Hyperventilation syndrome | list9 = AND (pharmacogenomics)}} Genetics of Hyperventilation syndrome • AND (pharmacogenomics)}} Pharmacogenomics of Hyperventilation syndrome • AND (proteomics)}} Proteomics of Hyperventilation syndrome

| group10 = Newstories on Hyperventilation syndrome | list10 = Hyperventilation syndrome in the news • Be alerted to news on Hyperventilation syndrome • News trends on Hyperventilation syndrome</small>

| group11 = Commentary on Hyperventilation syndrome | list11 = Blogs on Hyperventilation syndrome

| group12 = Patient Resources on Hyperventilation syndrome | list12 = Patient resources on Hyperventilation syndrome • Discussion groups on Hyperventilation syndrome • Patient Handouts on Hyperventilation syndrome • Directions to Hospitals Treating Hyperventilation syndrome • Risk calculators and risk factors for Hyperventilation syndrome

| group13 = Healthcare Provider Resources on Hyperventilation syndrome | list13 = Symptoms of Hyperventilation syndrome • Causes & Risk Factors for Hyperventilation syndrome • Diagnostic studies for Hyperventilation syndrome • Treatment of Hyperventilation syndrome

| group14 = Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Hyperventilation syndrome | list14 = CME Programs on Hyperventilation syndrome

| group15 = International Resources on Hyperventilation syndrome | list15 = Hyperventilation syndrome en Espanol • Hyperventilation syndrome en Francais

| group16 = Business Resources on Hyperventilation syndrome | list16 = Hyperventilation syndrome in the Marketplace • Patents on Hyperventilation syndrome

| group17 = Informatics Resources on Hyperventilation syndrome | list17 = List of terms related to Hyperventilation syndrome

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