Hemophilia natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Complications

Major complications include

• Hemarthrosis: Bleeding into the joints leads to hemophilic arthropathy. Hemorrhage most often occurs in the synovial joints. In descending order, the knee, ankle, elbow, shoulder, and hip are involved.
• Hemorrhage
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Menorrhagia
• The clinical and radiologic features of patients with classic hemophilia and Christmas disease are virtually identical.
• Repetitive bleeding into the musculoskeletal system is the most common complication of both conditions.
• Bleeding into muscles causes joint contractures
• Bleeding into bone and adjacent soft tissues results in osseous and soft-tissue pseudotumors.