Helicobacter pylori infection history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]

History

Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include history of:

• Nausea & vomiting
• Epigastric or abdominal pain
• Bloating
• Pain aggravating or relieving with food
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Anorexia
• Weight loss
• Pallor
• Previous laboratory findings of anemia
• Family history of GI diseases
• History of medication use (NSAIDS)
• Food and drinking water hygiene

If H.pylori infection is suspected in children, the history of the patient should include:

• Pain (location, character, duration, radiation, severity, aggravating and relieving factor)
• Diet, appetite and weight changes
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Bloating
• Family history of Gastrointestinal diseases (eg.,Ulcers, crohn disease)
• History of NSAIDS use
• Food and drinking water hygiene

Symptoms

Symptoms of H.pylori infection include:

• The most common ulcer symptom is gnawing or burning pain in the abdomen between the breastbone and the belly button.
• The pain often occurs when the stomach is empty, between meals and in the early morning hours, but it can occur at any other time.
• It may last from minutes to hours and may be relieved by eating food or taking antacids.
• Less common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite. Sometimes ulcers bleed. If bleeding continues for a long time, it may lead to anemia with weakness and fatigue. If bleeding is heavy, blood may appear in vomit or bowel movements, which may appear dark red or black.

Functional dyspepsia: Rome III diagnostic criteria for gastrointestinal disorders

B1. FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA

Diagnostic criteria Must include:

1: One or more of the following:

• Bothersome postprandial fullness
• Early satiation
• Epigastric pain
• Epigastric burning

And

2: No evidence of structural disease (including at upper endoscopy) that is likely to explain the symptoms

• Criteria fulfilled for the last 3 months with symptom onset

at least 6 months prior to diagnosis