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Most patients with hairy cell leukemia are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. If left untreated, most of the patients with hairy cell leukemia will gradually develop [[anemia]], recurrent infections, and [[bleeding]]. The complications of hairy cell leukemia are mainly due to [[bone marrow failure]].
Most patients with hairy cell leukemia are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. If left untreated, most of the patients with hairy cell leukemia will gradually develop [[anemia]], recurrent infections, and [[bleeding]]. The complications of hairy cell leukemia are mainly due to [[bone marrow failure]].


==Natural History==
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
* Most patients with hairy cell leukemia are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. If left untreated, most of the patients with hairy cell leukemia will gradually develop [[anemia]], recurrent infections, and [[bleeding]].<ref name="wiki">Hairy cell leukemia. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairy_cell_leukemia#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on October, 28 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Hairy cell leukemia. National Cancer Institute (2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/hairy-cell-treatment-pdq Accessed on October, 28 2015</ref><ref name="found">What is Hairy Cell Leukemia? Hairy Cell Leukemia Foundation (2015) https://www.hairycellleukemia.org/about-hcl/what-is-hairy-cell-leukemia/ Accessed on October, 19 2015</ref>


==Complications==
=== Natural History ===
* Common complications of hairy cell leukemia include:<ref name="wiki">Hairy cell leukemia. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairy_cell_leukemia#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on October, 28 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Hairy cell leukemia. National Cancer Institute (2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/hairy-cell-treatment-pdq Accessed on October, 28 2015</ref><ref name="found">What is Hairy Cell Leukemia? Hairy Cell Leukemia Foundation (2015) https://www.hairycellleukemia.org/about-hcl/what-is-hairy-cell-leukemia/ Accessed on October, 19 2015</ref>
 
 
* Most patients with hairy cell leukemia are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. If left untreated, most of the patients with hairy cell leukemia will gradually develop [[anemia]], recurrent infections, and [[bleeding]].
 
=== Complications ===
* Common complications of hairy cell leukemia include:
:* [[Anemia]]
:* [[Anemia]]
:* Recurrent infections
:* Recurrent infections
Line 16: Line 20:
:* [[Splenic rupture]]
:* [[Splenic rupture]]


==Prognosis==
=== Prognosis ===
* Prognosis is generally good, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is approximately 90%.<ref name="wiki"> Hairy cell leukemia. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairy_cell_leukemia#Pathophysiology Accessed on Ocotber, 19 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Hairy cell leukemia. National Cancer Institute (2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/hairy-cell-treatment-pdq Accessed on October, 28 2015</ref><ref name="uk">Statistics and outlook for hairy cell leukaemia. CANCER RESEARCH UK (2015) http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/hairy-cell-leukaemia/treatment/statistics-and-outlook-for-hairy-cell-leukaemia Accessed on October, 28 2015</ref>
* Prognosis is generally good, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is approximately 90%.
* Poor prognostic factors for hairy lymphocytic leukemia patients include old age, female gender, and African American race.<ref>{{Cite journal| author = [[Rekha Chandran]], [[Stuart K. Gardiner]], [[Stephen D. Smith]] & [[Stephen E. Spurgeon]]| title = Improved survival in hairy cell leukaemia over three decades: a SEER database analysis of prognostic factors| journal = [[British journal of haematology]]| volume = 163| issue = 3| pages = 407–409| year = 2013| month = November| doi = 10.1111/bjh.12490| pmid = 23889044}}</ref>
* Poor prognostic factors for hairy lymphocytic leukemia patients include old age, female gender, and African American race.<ref>{{Cite journal| author = [[Rekha Chandran]], [[Stuart K. Gardiner]], [[Stephen D. Smith]] & [[Stephen E. Spurgeon]]| title = Improved survival in hairy cell leukaemia over three decades: a SEER database analysis of prognostic factors| journal = [[British journal of haematology]]| volume = 163| issue = 3| pages = 407–409| year = 2013| month = November| doi = 10.1111/bjh.12490| pmid = 23889044}}</ref>
* The table below lists prognostic factors for hairy lymphocytic leukemia patients:<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Stewart DJ, Smith TL, Keating MJ, McCredie KB, Hersh EM, Quesada J, Freireich EJ |title=Prognostic factors in hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) |journal=Cancer |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=1198–1201 |year=1984 |pmid=6692307 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* The table below lists prognostic factors for hairy lymphocytic leukemia patients:<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Stewart DJ, Smith TL, Keating MJ, McCredie KB, Hersh EM, Quesada J, Freireich EJ |title=Prognostic factors in hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) |journal=Cancer |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=1198–1201 |year=1984 |pmid=6692307 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 1000px"
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 1000px"
|valign=top|
| valign="top" |
|+
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 250px; color: #FFFFFF;"|'''Prognostic Factor'''
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 250px; color: #FFFFFF;" |'''Prognostic Factor'''


! style="background: #4479BA; width: 600px; color: #FFFFFF;"|'''Description'''
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 600px; color: #FFFFFF;" |'''Description'''


|-
|-


| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Age'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align="center" | '''Age'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
:* Older age at the time of diagnosis is associated with a worse prognosis.
:* Older age at the time of diagnosis is associated with a worse prognosis.


|-
|-


| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Gender'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align="center" | '''Gender'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
:* Female are associated with a worse prognosis when compared to males.
:* Female are associated with a worse prognosis when compared to males.
|-
|-


| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Race'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align="center" | '''Race'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
:* African American individuals are associated with a worse prognosis.
:* African American individuals are associated with a worse prognosis.


|-
|-


| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Infections'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align="center" | '''Infections'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
:* A recent history of [[pneumonia]] or the presence of major infection at the time of diagnosis are associated with a worse prognosis.
:* A recent history of [[pneumonia]] or the presence of major infection at the time of diagnosis are associated with a worse prognosis.


|-
|-


| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Hepatomegaly'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align="center" | '''Hepatomegaly'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
:* The presence of [[hepatomegaly]] is associated with a worse prognosis.
:* The presence of [[hepatomegaly]] is associated with a worse prognosis.


|-
|-


|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Hemoglobin concentration'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align="center" | '''Hemoglobin concentration'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
:* A [[hemoglobin]] concentration of ≤10 g/dl is associated with a poor prognosis.
:* A [[hemoglobin]] concentration of ≤10 g/dl is associated with a poor prognosis.
|-
|-


| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Reticulocyte count'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align="center" | '''Reticulocyte count'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
:* A [[reticulocyte]] count of <1% is associated with a worse prognosis.
:* A [[reticulocyte]] count of <1% is associated with a worse prognosis.


|-
|-


| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Neutrophil count'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align="center" | '''Neutrophil count'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
:* A [[neutrophil]] count ≤350/μl is associated with a worse prognosis.  
:* A [[neutrophil]] count ≤350/μl is associated with a worse prognosis.  


Revision as of 18:25, 13 November 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]

Overview

Most patients with hairy cell leukemia are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. If left untreated, most of the patients with hairy cell leukemia will gradually develop anemia, recurrent infections, and bleeding. The complications of hairy cell leukemia are mainly due to bone marrow failure.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

  • Most patients with hairy cell leukemia are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. If left untreated, most of the patients with hairy cell leukemia will gradually develop anemia, recurrent infections, and bleeding.

Complications

  • Common complications of hairy cell leukemia include:

Prognosis

  • Prognosis is generally good, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is approximately 90%.
  • Poor prognostic factors for hairy lymphocytic leukemia patients include old age, female gender, and African American race.[1]
  • The table below lists prognostic factors for hairy lymphocytic leukemia patients:[2]
Prognostic Factor Description
Age
  • Older age at the time of diagnosis is associated with a worse prognosis.
Gender
  • Female are associated with a worse prognosis when compared to males.
Race
  • African American individuals are associated with a worse prognosis.
Infections
  • A recent history of pneumonia or the presence of major infection at the time of diagnosis are associated with a worse prognosis.
Hepatomegaly
  • The presence of hepatomegaly is associated with a worse prognosis.
Hemoglobin concentration
  • A hemoglobin concentration of ≤10 g/dl is associated with a poor prognosis.
Reticulocyte count
  • A reticulocyte count of <1% is associated with a worse prognosis.
Neutrophil count
  • A neutrophil count ≤350/μl is associated with a worse prognosis.

References

  1. ↑ Rekha Chandran, Stuart K. Gardiner, Stephen D. Smith & Stephen E. Spurgeon (2013). "Improved survival in hairy cell leukaemia over three decades: a SEER database analysis of prognostic factors". British journal of haematology. 163 (3): 407–409. doi:10.1111/bjh.12490. PMID 23889044. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ Stewart DJ, Smith TL, Keating MJ, McCredie KB, Hersh EM, Quesada J, Freireich EJ (1984). "Prognostic factors in hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis)". Cancer. 53 (5): 1198–1201. PMID 6692307.


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