Hairy cell leukemia natural history: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Hairy cell leukemia}} | {{Hairy cell leukemia}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{HL}}, {{VKG}}; {{GRR}} {{Nat}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Most patients with hairy cell leukemia are asymptomatic at time of diagnosis. If left untreated, most of the patients with hairy cell leukemia will gradually develop anemia, recurrent infections, and | Most patients with [[hairy cell leukemia]] are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. If left untreated, most of the patients with [[hairy cell leukemia]] will gradually develop [[anemia]], recurrent infections, and [[bleeding]]. The complications of hairy cell leukemia are mainly due to [[bone marrow failure]]. | ||
==Complications | ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | ||
== | === Natural History === | ||
* | * Most patients with [[hairy cell leukemia]] are [[asymptomatic]] at the time of [[diagnosis]].<ref name="MatutesWotherspoon2001">{{cite journal|last1=Matutes|first1=E|last2=Wotherspoon|first2=A|last3=Brito-Babapulle|first3=V|last4=Catovsky|first4=D|title=The natural history and clinico-pathological features of the variant form of hairy cell leukemia|journal=Leukemia|volume=15|issue=1|year=2001|pages=184–186|issn=0887-6924|doi=10.1038/sj.leu.2401999}}</ref> | ||
* Poor prognostic factors for hairy | * If left untreated, most of the patients with [[hairy cell leukemia]] will gradually develop the following: | ||
* The table below lists prognostic factors for hairy | ** [[Anemia]] | ||
** Recurrent [[infections]] | |||
** [[Bleeding]] | |||
=== Complications === | |||
* Common [[complications]] of [[hairy cell leukemia]] include:<ref name="MatutesWotherspoon20012">{{cite journal|last1=Matutes|first1=E|last2=Wotherspoon|first2=A|last3=Brito-Babapulle|first3=V|last4=Catovsky|first4=D|title=The natural history and clinico-pathological features of the variant form of hairy cell leukemia|journal=Leukemia|volume=15|issue=1|year=2001|pages=184–186|issn=0887-6924|doi=10.1038/sj.leu.2401999}}</ref> | |||
** [[Anemia]] | |||
** Recurrent [[infections]] | |||
** Major recurrent [[bleeding]] | |||
** [[Splenic rupture]] | |||
=== Prognosis === | |||
* [[Prognosis]] is generally good, and the 5-year [[survival rate]] of patients with [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia]] is approximately 90%.<ref name="MatutesWotherspoon20013">{{cite journal|last1=Matutes|first1=E|last2=Wotherspoon|first2=A|last3=Brito-Babapulle|first3=V|last4=Catovsky|first4=D|title=The natural history and clinico-pathological features of the variant form of hairy cell leukemia|journal=Leukemia|volume=15|issue=1|year=2001|pages=184–186|issn=0887-6924|doi=10.1038/sj.leu.2401999}}</ref> | |||
* Poor [[prognostic]] factors for [[hairy cell leukemia]] patients include old age, female gender, and African American race.<ref>{{Cite journal| author = [[Rekha Chandran]], [[Stuart K. Gardiner]], [[Stephen D. Smith]] & [[Stephen E. Spurgeon]]| title = Improved survival in hairy cell leukaemia over three decades: a SEER database analysis of prognostic factors| journal = [[British journal of haematology]]| volume = 163| issue = 3| pages = 407–409| year = 2013| month = November| doi = 10.1111/bjh.12490| pmid = 23889044}}</ref> | |||
* The table below lists prognostic factors for [[hairy cell leukemia]] patients:<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Stewart DJ, Smith TL, Keating MJ, McCredie KB, Hersh EM, Quesada J, Freireich EJ |title=Prognostic factors in hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) |journal=Cancer |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=1198–1201 |year=1984 |pmid=6692307 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 1000px" | {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 1000px" | ||
|valign=top| | | valign="top" | | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 250px; color: #FFFFFF;"|'''Prognostic Factor''' | ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 250px; color: #FFFFFF;" |'''Prognostic Factor''' | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 600px; color: #FFFFFF;"|'''Description''' | ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 600px; color: #FFFFFF;" |'''Description''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Age'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align="center" | '''Age'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
:* Older age at the time of diagnosis is associated with a worse prognosis. | :* Older age at the time of [[diagnosis]] is associated with a worse [[prognosis]]. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Gender'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align="center" | '''Gender'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
:* Female are associated with a worse prognosis when compared to males. | :* Female are associated with a worse [[prognosis]] when compared to males. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align="center" | '''Race'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Race'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| | :* African American individuals are associated with a worse [[prognosis]]. | ||
:* African American individuals are associated with a worse prognosis. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Infections'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align="center" | '''Infections'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
:* A recent history of pneumonia or the presence of major infection at time of diagnosis are associated with a worse prognosis. | :* A recent history of [[pneumonia]] or the presence of major infection at the time of diagnosis are associated with a worse [[prognosis]]. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | ''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align="center" | '''Hepatomegaly'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
:* The presence of hepatomegaly is associated with a worse prognosis. | :* The presence of [[hepatomegaly]] is associated with a worse prognosis. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | ''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align="center" | '''Hemoglobin concentration'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
:* A hemoglobin concentration of ≤10 g/dl is associated with a poor prognosis. | :* A [[hemoglobin]] concentration of ≤10 g/dl is associated with a poor prognosis. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align="center" | '''Reticulocyte count'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | ''' | :* A [[reticulocyte]] count of <1% is associated with a worse prognosis. | ||
:* A reticulocyte count of | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Neutrophil count'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align="center" | '''Neutrophil count'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
:* A neutrophil count ≤350/μl is associated with a worse prognosis. | :* A [[neutrophil]] count ≤350/μl is associated with a worse prognosis. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2], Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [3]; Grammar Reviewer: Natalie Harpenau, B.S.[4]
Overview
Most patients with hairy cell leukemia are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. If left untreated, most of the patients with hairy cell leukemia will gradually develop anemia, recurrent infections, and bleeding. The complications of hairy cell leukemia are mainly due to bone marrow failure.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- Most patients with hairy cell leukemia are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis.[1]
- If left untreated, most of the patients with hairy cell leukemia will gradually develop the following:
- Anemia
- Recurrent infections
- Bleeding
Complications
- Common complications of hairy cell leukemia include:[2]
- Anemia
- Recurrent infections
- Major recurrent bleeding
- Splenic rupture
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally good, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is approximately 90%.[3]
- Poor prognostic factors for hairy cell leukemia patients include old age, female gender, and African American race.[4]
- The table below lists prognostic factors for hairy cell leukemia patients:[5]
| Prognostic Factor | Description |
|---|---|
| Age | |
| Gender |
|
| Race |
|
| Infections | |
| Hepatomegaly |
|
| Hemoglobin concentration |
|
| Reticulocyte count |
|
| Neutrophil count |
|
References
- ↑ Matutes, E; Wotherspoon, A; Brito-Babapulle, V; Catovsky, D (2001). "The natural history and clinico-pathological features of the variant form of hairy cell leukemia". Leukemia. 15 (1): 184–186. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2401999. ISSN 0887-6924.
- ↑ Matutes, E; Wotherspoon, A; Brito-Babapulle, V; Catovsky, D (2001). "The natural history and clinico-pathological features of the variant form of hairy cell leukemia". Leukemia. 15 (1): 184–186. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2401999. ISSN 0887-6924.
- ↑ Matutes, E; Wotherspoon, A; Brito-Babapulle, V; Catovsky, D (2001). "The natural history and clinico-pathological features of the variant form of hairy cell leukemia". Leukemia. 15 (1): 184–186. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2401999. ISSN 0887-6924.
- ↑ Rekha Chandran, Stuart K. Gardiner, Stephen D. Smith & Stephen E. Spurgeon (2013). "Improved survival in hairy cell leukaemia over three decades: a SEER database analysis of prognostic factors". British journal of haematology. 163 (3): 407–409. doi:10.1111/bjh.12490. PMID 23889044. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Stewart DJ, Smith TL, Keating MJ, McCredie KB, Hersh EM, Quesada J, Freireich EJ (1984). "Prognostic factors in hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis)". Cancer. 53 (5): 1198–1201. PMID 6692307.