Gram

Gram
Unit sign	g
Measure	Mass
Base Unit	Kilogram
Multiple of Base	10-3
System	SI, CGS, other
Common usage	Commonly used in cooking and food labeling
Examples
One millilitre of water is 1 g at 4 °C. Typical coins: a euro is 7.5 g and a US penny is 2.5 g
Conversion
SI	10 dg= 1 g = 0.1 dag = 0.001 kg
Imperial	1 g ≈ 0.0353 ounce ≈ 0.00220 pound
see also: Orders of magnitude (mass)
Next units
decigram	<	Gram	<	decagram

[Pen cap, about 1 gram.

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The gram (sometimes gramme in British English, although gram prevails), (Greek/Latin root grámma); symbol g, is a unit of mass.

Originally defined as "the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal to the cube of the hundredth part of a metre, and at the temperature of melting ice" (later 4 °C), a gram is now defined as one one-thousandth of the SI base unit, the kilogram, or 1×10^-3 kg, which itself is defined as being equal to the mass of a physical prototype preserved by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.

Examples

All masses are approximate:

• Plastic pen cap (Bic): 1 gram
• A single Smartie: 1 gram
• Paper clip: 0.5 grams to 1.5 grams
• 1 US banknote (any denomination): 1 gram
• 1 litre of air: 1.2 grams
• A teaspoon of salt: 4.745 grams
• Typical sheet of A4 paper: 5 grams (if 80 g/m²)
• United States nickel: 5 grams (very accurate when new)

Other abbreviations

The International System of Units abbreviation for the gram is g, and follows the numeric value with a space, as in "200 g". In some fields and regions, the international standard symbols for units are used quite strictly, in particular in technical and scientific publications and in legally regulated product labels. In other contexts (e.g., grocery market traders), a wide range of other abbreviations can also be encountered, such as gr, gm, grm, gms, grms.

History

It was the base unit of mass in the original French metric system and the later centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units. The word originates from late Latin gramma – a small weight.

Uses

The gram is today the most widely used unit of measurement for non-liquid ingredients in cooking and grocery shopping worldwide. For food products that are typically sold in quantities far less than 1 kg, the unit price is normally given per 100 g.

Most standards and legal requirements for nutrition labels on food products require relative contents to be stated per 100 g of the product, such that the resulting figure can also be read as a percentage.

SI multiples

Because SI prefixes may not be concatenated (serially linked) within the name or symbol for a unit of measure, SI prefixes are used with the gram, not the kilogram, which already has a prefix as part of its name. For instance, one-millionth of a kilogram is 1 mg (one milligram), not 1 µkg (one microkilogram).

SI multiples for gram (g)

Submultiples				Multiples
Value	Symbol	Name		Value	Symbol	Name
10–1 g	dg	decigram		101 g	dag	decagram
10–2 g	cg	centigram		102 g	hg	hectogram
10–3 g	mg	milligram		103 g	kg	kilogram
10–6 g	µg	microgram (mcg)		106 g	Mg	megagram (tonne)
10–9 g	ng	nanogram		109 g	Gg	gigagram
10–12 g	pg	picogram		1012 g	Tg	teragram
10–15 g	fg	femtogram		1015 g	Pg	petagram
10–18 g	ag	attogram		1018 g	Eg	exagram
10–21 g	zg	zeptogram		1021 g	Zg	zettagram
10–24 g	yg	yoctogram		1024 g	Yg	yottagram
Common prefixes are in bold face.

• When the Greek lowercase “µ” (mu) in the symbol of microgram is typographically unavailable, it is occasionally—although not properly—replaced by Latin lowercase “u”.
• The microgram is often abbreviated “mcg”, particularly in pharmaceutical and nutritional supplement labeling, to avoid confusion since the “µ” prefix is not well recognized outside of technical disciplines. Note however, that the abbreviation “mcg”, is also the symbol for an obsolete CGS unit of measure known as the “millicentigram,” which is equal to 10 µg.
• The unit name “megagram” is rarely used, and even then, typically only in technical fields in contexts where especially rigorous consistency with the units of measure is desired. For most purposes, the term “tonne,” or “metric ton” is instead used. Further, whereas unit name “megatonne” or “megaton” (Mt) is often used in popular literature on global climate change, the equivalent value in scientific literature on the subject is the “teragram” (Tg).

Conversion factors

• 1 grain = 0.06479891 gram
• 1 ounce (avoirdupois) = 28.349523125 grams
• 1 ounce (troy) = 31.1034768 grams

See also

• Conversion of units
• Gold gram

External links

• grams (weight) conversion to spoons (volume) as used in cooking

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Cost Effectiveness of Gram

| group5 = Clinical Trials Involving Gram | list5 = Ongoing Trials on Gram at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Gram • Clinical Trials on Gram at Google

| group6 = Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Gram | list6 = US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Gram • NICE Guidance on Gram • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Gram • CDC on Gram

| group7 = Textbook Information on Gram | list7 = Books and Textbook Information on Gram

| group8 = Pharmacology Resources on Gram | list8 = AND (Dose)}} Dosing of Gram • AND (drug interactions)}} Drug interactions with Gram • AND (side effects)}} Side effects of Gram • AND (Allergy)}} Allergic reactions to Gram • AND (overdose)}} Overdose information on Gram • AND (carcinogenicity)}} Carcinogenicity information on Gram • AND (pregnancy)}} Gram in pregnancy • AND (pharmacokinetics)}} Pharmacokinetics of Gram •

| group9 = Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Gram | list9 = AND (pharmacogenomics)}} Genetics of Gram • AND (pharmacogenomics)}} Pharmacogenomics of Gram • AND (proteomics)}} Proteomics of Gram

| group10 = Newstories on Gram | list10 = Gram in the news • Be alerted to news on Gram • News trends on Gram</small>

| group11 = Commentary on Gram | list11 = Blogs on Gram

| group12 = Patient Resources on Gram | list12 = Patient resources on Gram • Discussion groups on Gram • Patient Handouts on Gram • Directions to Hospitals Treating Gram • Risk calculators and risk factors for Gram

| group13 = Healthcare Provider Resources on Gram | list13 = Symptoms of Gram • Causes & Risk Factors for Gram • Diagnostic studies for Gram • Treatment of Gram

| group14 = Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Gram | list14 = CME Programs on Gram

| group15 = International Resources on Gram | list15 = Gram en Espanol • Gram en Francais

| group16 = Business Resources on Gram | list16 = Gram in the Marketplace • Patents on Gram

| group17 = Informatics Resources on Gram | list17 = List of terms related to Gram

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