Gonorrhea laboratory tests: Difference between revisions

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**[[Cervical]] Gram stain in women
**[[Cervical]] Gram stain in women
**[[Urethral|urethral discharge]] Gram stain in men
**[[Urethral|urethral discharge]] Gram stain in men
**Synovial fluid Gram stain
**[[Synovial fluid]] Gram stain


===Cultures===
===Cultures===

Revision as of 20:42, 25 September 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2]

Overview

Laboratory tests

Several laboratory tests are available to diagnose gonorrhea. A doctor or nurse can obtain a sample for testing from the parts of the body likely to be infected (cervix, urethra, rectum, or throat) and send the sample to a laboratory for analysis. Gonorrhea that is present in the cervix or urethra can be diagnosed in a laboratory by testing a urine sample.

Gram stain

Gram stain can quickly identify gonorrhea infection by staining a sample of tissue or discharge. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) with intracellular Gram-negative diplococci can be considered diagnostic for infection with Neisseria gonorrhea in symptomatic men.

  • Gram stain is highly sensitive and specific in men with symptomatic urethritis. However, because of lower sensitivity, detection of infection using Gram stain of endocervical, pharyngeal, and rectal specimens also is insufficient and is not recommended.
  • Common anatomic sites for taking samples include:

Cultures

Culture is the historical standard for detection of N. gonorrhoeae. Culture test dvantages over non-culture tests include:

  • Low cost
  • Suitable for a variety of specimen sites
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing can be performed

Thayer-Martin medium is one example of a medium used for N. gonorrhoeae culture. Direct inoculation of culture plates with swab specimens is best. The inoculated culture plate should be promptly placed into a CO2-enriched (3%- 10%) environment and incubated at 35º-37º C. Cultures provide absolute proof of infection. Generally, samples for a culture are taken from the cervix, vagina, urethra, anus, or throat. Cultures can provide a preliminary diagnosis often within 24 hours and a confirmed diagnosis within 72 hours. Common anatomic sites for taking samples include:

DNA tests are especially useful as a screening test. They included the ligase chain reaction (LCR) test. DNA tests are quicker than cultures. Such tests can be performed on urine samples, which are a lot easier to collect than samples from the genital area.

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "Public Health Image Library (PHIL)".

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