Gonadoblastoma: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 6: Line 6:
==Overview==
==Overview==
==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
*[Disease name] was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
*Gonadoblastoma was first discovered by Scully, in 1953.
*In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
*In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
==Pathophysiology==
==Pathophysiology==
*A gonadoblastoma is a complex [[neoplasm]] composed of a mixture of [[gonad]]al elements, such as large primordial [[germ cell]]s, immature [[Sertoli cell]]s or [[granulosa cell]]s of the [[sex cord]], and gonadal [[stromal cell]]s.  
*A gonadoblastoma is a complex [[neoplasm]] composed of a mixture of [[gonad]]al elements, such as large primordial [[germ cell]]s, immature [[Sertoli cell]]s or [[granulosa cell]]s of the [[sex cord]], and gonadal [[stromal cell]]s.  
*Abnormal chromosomal [[karyotype]], gonadal [[dysgenesis]], and the presence of a [[Y chromosome]] has been associated with the development of gonadoblastoma.
*Abnormal chromosomal [[karyotype]], gonadal [[dysgenesis]], and the presence of a [[Y chromosome]] has been associated with the development of gonadoblastoma.
*On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
==Causes==
==Causes==
* [Disease name] may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
* Gonadoblastoma may be caused by either complete androgen insensitivity, pure gonadal dysgenesis or Swyer syndrome, mixed gonadal dysgenesis, Frasier syndrome, Denys-Drash syndrome, and 9p Partial monosomy.
* [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or [gene3] gene[s].
==Differentiating Gonadoblastoma from other Diseases==
* There are no established causes for [disease name].
*Gonadoblastoma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause ovarian tumors, such as:
==Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases==
:*Germinoma
*[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:
:*Cystadenoma
:*[Differential dx1]
:*Cystadenocarcinoma
:*[Differential dx2]
:*Endometrioid tumor
:*[Differential dx3]
:*Brenner tumor
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
:*Leydig cell tumor
* The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
:*Granulosa cell tumor
* In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
:*17-Hydroxylase Deficiency Syndrome
===Age===
:*5-Alpha-Reductase Deficiency
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
:*Amenorrhea
*[Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
:*Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
*[Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].
:*Genital Anomalies
===Gender===
:*Hypospadias
*[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
:*Pediatric Seminoma
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2].
:*Turner Syndrome
* The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
:*Meigs syndrome
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection for [disease name].
*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
*[Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
==Risk Factors==
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
== Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
*The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
*Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2],nand [manifestation 3].
*If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
*Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
*Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].
== Diagnosis ==
===Diagnostic Criteria===
*The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
:*[criterion 1]
:*[criterion 2]
:*[criterion 3]
:*[criterion 4]
=== Symptoms ===
*[Disease name] is usually asymptomatic.
*Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following:
:*[symptom 1]
:*[symptom 2]
:*[symptom 3]
:*[symptom 4]
:*[symptom 5]
:*[symptom 6]
=== Physical Examination ===
*Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
*Physical examination may be remarkable for:
:*[finding 1]
:*[finding 2]
:*[finding 3]
:*[finding 4]
:*[finding 5]
:*[finding 6]
=== Laboratory Findings ===
=== Laboratory Findings ===
*There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
*There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].

Revision as of 21:22, 15 April 2016

WikiDoc Resources for Gonadoblastoma

Articles

Most recent articles on Gonadoblastoma

Most cited articles on Gonadoblastoma

Review articles on Gonadoblastoma

Articles on Gonadoblastoma in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Gonadoblastoma

Images of Gonadoblastoma

Photos of Gonadoblastoma

Podcasts & MP3s on Gonadoblastoma

Videos on Gonadoblastoma

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Gonadoblastoma

Bandolier on Gonadoblastoma

TRIP on Gonadoblastoma

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Gonadoblastoma at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Gonadoblastoma

Clinical Trials on Gonadoblastoma at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Gonadoblastoma

NICE Guidance on Gonadoblastoma

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Gonadoblastoma

CDC on Gonadoblastoma

Books

Books on Gonadoblastoma

News

Gonadoblastoma in the news

Be alerted to news on Gonadoblastoma

News trends on Gonadoblastoma

Commentary

Blogs on Gonadoblastoma

Definitions

Definitions of Gonadoblastoma

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Gonadoblastoma

Discussion groups on Gonadoblastoma

Patient Handouts on Gonadoblastoma

Directions to Hospitals Treating Gonadoblastoma

Risk calculators and risk factors for Gonadoblastoma

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Gonadoblastoma

Causes & Risk Factors for Gonadoblastoma

Diagnostic studies for Gonadoblastoma

Treatment of Gonadoblastoma

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Gonadoblastoma

International

Gonadoblastoma en Espanol

Gonadoblastoma en Francais

Business

Gonadoblastoma in the Marketplace

Patents on Gonadoblastoma

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Gonadoblastoma

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Your Name

Synonyms and keywords: Synonym 1; Synonym 2; Synonym 3

Overview

Historical Perspective

  • Gonadoblastoma was first discovered by Scully, in 1953.

Pathophysiology

Causes

  • Gonadoblastoma may be caused by either complete androgen insensitivity, pure gonadal dysgenesis or Swyer syndrome, mixed gonadal dysgenesis, Frasier syndrome, Denys-Drash syndrome, and 9p Partial monosomy.

Differentiating Gonadoblastoma from other Diseases

  • Gonadoblastoma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause ovarian tumors, such as:
  • Germinoma
  • Cystadenoma
  • Cystadenocarcinoma
  • Endometrioid tumor
  • Brenner tumor
  • Leydig cell tumor
  • Granulosa cell tumor
  • 17-Hydroxylase Deficiency Syndrome
  • 5-Alpha-Reductase Deficiency
  • Amenorrhea
  • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  • Genital Anomalies
  • Hypospadias
  • Pediatric Seminoma
  • Turner Syndrome
  • Meigs syndrome

Laboratory Findings

  • There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
  • A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
  • An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
  • Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

Imaging Findings

  • There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name].
  • [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease name].
  • On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
  • [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Other Diagnostic Studies

  • [Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
  • Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Treatment

Medical Therapy

  • There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
  • The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
  • [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
  • Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].

Surgery

  • Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for gonadoblastoma.
  • Surgical exploration via laparotomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) is the most common approach to the treatment of gonadoblastoma.

Prevention

  • There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].
  • Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
  • Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followedup every [duration]. Followup testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].

References