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== Overview ==
== Overview ==


Encephalopathies of different types have different ways of progression of disease. Few conditions can lead to abrupt onset and few develop over a period of time. Some types are completely reversible where are few cause irreversible damage and dysfunction. Most encephalopathies have similar kind of progression with little variation.
Encephalopathies of different types have different ways of progression of disease. Few conditions can lead to abrupt onset and few develop over a period of time. Some types are completely reversible where as few cause irreversible damage and dysfunction. Most encephalopathies have similar kind of progression with little variation.


== Natural History ==
== Natural History ==


Patients presenting with encephalopathy usually have history of any chronic disease or precipitating factors for encephalopathy. In conditions of stress or infections these factors lead to presentation of encephalopathy. Symptoms are quite varied among the different types of encephalopathies. They can be ranging from sub-clinical presentation to coma. Encephalopathies are the presentation of severe disease which if untreated never resolves on its own. Prompt identification and treatment are warranted in these conditions, if delayed chances of residual neurological effects are more.
Patients presenting with encephalopathy usually have past history of any chronic disease. In various conditions, some precipitating factors may contribute to the manifestation of encephalopathy such as constipation or infection in patients with [[liver]] disease. Symptoms are quite varied among the different types of encephalopathies. They can be ranging from sub-clinical presentation to coma. Encephalopathies are the presentation of severe disease which if untreated never resolves on its own. Prompt identification and treatment are warranted in these conditions, if delayed chances of residual neurological effects are more.


== Complications ==
== Complications ==


Encephalopathies due to few conditions like electrolyte imbalances , drugs and poisons when treated accurately and promptly may recover completely with out any complications. Metabolic causes, organ failures, sepsis may progress to complications.
Complications related to encephalopathy are due to the underlying disease process such as electrolyte imbalances, drugs and poisons, [[sepsis]] and multiorgan failure and can include:


* Recovery with residual neurologic effects
* [[Coma]]


* Coma
* [[Death]]


* Death
== Prognosis ==


== Prognosis ==
Treating the underlying cause of the disorder may improve or reverse symptoms.  However, in some cases, the encephalopathy may cause permanent structural changes and irreversible damage to the brain.  Some encephalopathies can be fatal. Certain factors are of prognostic importance like:
 
* Age
 
* Rapidity of onset
 
* Delay in correcting the cause


Treating the underlying cause of the disorder may improve or reverse symptoms.  However, in some cases, the encephalopathy may cause permanent structural changes and irreversible damage to the brain.  Some encephalopathies can be fatal.
* Most important is the underlying cause


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 08:54, 8 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Encephalopathies of different types have different ways of progression of disease. Few conditions can lead to abrupt onset and few develop over a period of time. Some types are completely reversible where as few cause irreversible damage and dysfunction. Most encephalopathies have similar kind of progression with little variation.

Natural History

Patients presenting with encephalopathy usually have past history of any chronic disease. In various conditions, some precipitating factors may contribute to the manifestation of encephalopathy such as constipation or infection in patients with liver disease. Symptoms are quite varied among the different types of encephalopathies. They can be ranging from sub-clinical presentation to coma. Encephalopathies are the presentation of severe disease which if untreated never resolves on its own. Prompt identification and treatment are warranted in these conditions, if delayed chances of residual neurological effects are more.

Complications

Complications related to encephalopathy are due to the underlying disease process such as electrolyte imbalances, drugs and poisons, sepsis and multiorgan failure and can include:

Prognosis

Treating the underlying cause of the disorder may improve or reverse symptoms. However, in some cases, the encephalopathy may cause permanent structural changes and irreversible damage to the brain. Some encephalopathies can be fatal. Certain factors are of prognostic importance like:

  • Age
  • Rapidity of onset
  • Delay in correcting the cause
  • Most important is the underlying cause

References

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