Dyspnea causes: Difference between revisions

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| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] (ALS),  [[brain stem infarction]], [[cns disease]], [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]], [[Eaton-Lambert syndrome]], [[encephalitis]], [[fat embolism]],  [[fatigue]],  [[focal cerebral ischemia]], [[Guillain-Barre Syndrome]],  [[micturition syncope]], [[multiple sclerosis]],  [[myasthenia gravis]],  [[neuromuscular disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[Parsonage-Turner syndrome]],  [[phrenic nerve paralysis]], [[post-tussive syncope]], [[seizures]], [[Shy-Drager syndrome]]   
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] (ALS),  [[brain stem infarction]], [[CNS disease]], [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]], [[Eaton-Lambert syndrome]], [[encephalitis]], [[fat embolism]],  [[fatigue]],  [[focal cerebral ischemia]], [[Guillain-Barre Syndrome]],  [[micturition syncope]], [[multiple sclerosis]],  [[myasthenia gravis]],  [[neuromuscular disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[Parsonage-Turner syndrome]],  [[phrenic nerve paralysis]], [[post-tussive syncope]], [[seizures]], [[Shy-Drager syndrome]]   
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Revision as of 15:32, 7 July 2015

Dyspnea Microchapters

Patient Information

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Dyspnea from other Diseases

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

Overview

The four general categories of dyspnea are based on its causes: cardiac, pulmonary, mixed cardiac or pulmonary, and noncardiac or nonpulmonary. Sudden onset of dyspnea (acute dyspnea) is most typically associated with narrowing of the airways or airflow obstruction (bronchospasm), blockage of one of the arteries of the lung (pulmonary embolism), acute heart failure or myocardial infarction, pneumonia, or panic disorder. Long-standing dyspnea (chronic dyspnea) is most often a manifestation of chronic or progressive diseases of the lung and / or heart, such as COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Dyspnea also is experienced by individuals encountering high-altitude sickness (high-altitude pulmonary edema, [HAPE]). This is associated with rapid rate of mountain ascent and normally occurs during the first 1 to 3 days of achieving a high altitude. Dyspnea resolves with use of supplemental oxygen, rapid descent, and occasionally hyperbaric therapy.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Acute coronary syndromes, acute myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris, aortic arch anomalies, aortic dissection, aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, atrioseptal defect, beriberi heart disease, biventricular heart failure, bicalutamide, Bland-White-Garland Syndrome, cardiac disease in pregnancy, cardiac failure, cardiac tamponade, Cardiogenic shock, cardiomegaly, cardiomyopathy, central sleep apnea, cholesterol pericarditis, complete heart block, congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, continuous murmur, cor Pulmonale, coronary artery disease, coronary artery fistula, diseases of the pericardium, constrictive pericarditis, Cor triatriatum, dysrhythmia, Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve, eisenmenger syndrome, endocarditis, endomyocardial fibrosis, heart attack, heart failure, hypotension, hypertensive heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypovolemic shock,inappropriate sinus tachycardia, irregular heart rhythms, ischaemic heart disease, levo-transposition of the great arteries, loeffler's endocarditis, malignant hypertension, micturition syncope, mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, morbid obesity, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischaemia, myocarditis, STEMI, patent ductus arteriosus, pericardial effusion, pericardial constriction, pericarditis, perimyocarditis, pneumomediastinum, postprandial hypotension, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular failure, shock, shock lung, Sick sinus syndrome, sipuleucel-T, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, tricuspid stenosis, tumors of the myocardium, tuberculin, valvular heart disease, vasovagal syncope, ventricular septal defect
Chemical / poisoning Alcohol,intoxication, carbon monoxide, chlorine gas, cyanide, poisoning
Dermatologic Facial burns, severe burns
Drug Side Effect Acetaminophen and oxycodone, acetylcysteine, agalsidase beta, aldesleukin, amphotericin B, amyl nitrite, aztreonam, basiliximab, beta-blockers, betazole, bleomycin , bromocriptine, butorphanol, calcium channel blockers, carfilzomib, caspofungin, cefoxitin sodium, cladosporium, clomifene, crizotinib, cromolyn, cefaclor, cetuximab, corticorelin, cytomegalovirus immune globulin, daptomycin, caspofungin acetate, denileukin diftitox, desmopressin, dexpanthenol, disulfiram, diuretics, drugs, dornase Alfa, efavirenz, enzalutamide, ephedrine, estramustine, febuxostat, felbamate, ferric carboxymaltose,fosaprepitant, fulvestrant, gemcitabine, gemeprost, glatiramer acetate, glutaraldehyde, goserelin, hydroxocobalamin, Ibrutinib, Idelalisib, Iloprost,imipenem-cilastatin, ioxilan,ketorolac, leflunomide, lenalidomide, letrozole, levosimendan, levothyroxine, megestrol, mercury, meropenem, mesalamine, methyl isocyanate, mifepristone, minocycline hydrochloride, moxifloxacin ophthalmic, nabumetone, naltrexone, niacin, nitrofurantoin, oprelvekin, Oxaprozin, Oxcarbazepine, panitumumab, polidocanol, polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution (PEG-ES), protamine sulfate, pralatrexate, ramucirumab, rimabotulinumtoxinb, rizatriptan, ropinirole, romidepsin, sertraline, sodium nitroprusside, sorafenib, sunitinib, teniposide, thalidomide, thallous Chloride Tl 201, tiagabine, ticagrelor, tocilizumab, topiramate, tretinoin, zonisamide,zoledronate
Ear Nose Throat Empty nose syndrome, glottic edema, sleep apnea syndrome, retropharyngeal abscess
Endocrine Diabetic coma, diabetic ketoacidosis, fatigue, goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, morbid obesity, myxedema, myxoma
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Abdominal masses, ascites, cirrhosis, diarrhea, diverticulosis, esophageal cancer, esophageal diseases, gastroesophageal reflux, hiatal hernia, intussusception, Jaundice, morbid obesity, vomiting
Genetic Macleod syndrome, sickle cell anemia
Hematologic Acute myeloid leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, anemia, blood donation, blood transfusion, Erdheim-Chester disease, fat embolism, fatigue, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, hemorrhage, histiocytosis X, iron deficiency anemia, leukemia, Leukostasis, lymphoma, lymphangiomyomatosis, Macleod syndrome, megaloblastic anemia, Rh problems, sickle cell anemia
Iatrogenic Barium, bronchoscopy, chest tube, empty nose syndrome, radiation pneumonitis
Infectious Disease Acute bronchitis, AIDS, anthrax, ascariasis, aspergillus clavatus, atypical pneumonia, bulbar poliomyelitis, CMV Pneumonitis, community-acquired pneumonia, croup, diarrhea, ehrlichiosis , Leukostasis, sepsis, micropolyspora faeni, miliary tuberculosis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, pleural empyema, pneumonia, respiratory tract infection, retropharyngeal abscess, sepsis, tonsillar abscess, toxocariasis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Kyphoscoliosis, polyradiculitis
Neurologic Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), brain stem infarction, CNS disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Eaton-Lambert syndrome, encephalitis, fat embolism, fatigue, focal cerebral ischemia, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, micturition syncope, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, neuromuscular disease, Parkinson's disease, Parsonage-Turner syndrome, phrenic nerve paralysis, post-tussive syncope, seizures, Shy-Drager syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic Acidosis, dehydration, morbid obesity, poor diet
Obstetric/Gynecologic Amniotic fluid embolism, cardiac disease in pregnancy, pregnancy, vomiting
Oncologic Acute myeloid leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, bronchial tumors, bronchogenic carcinoma, leukemia, lung cancer, lymphangitic metastases, lymphoma, lymphangiomyomatosis, malignant mesothelioma, mediastinal tumors, tracheal tumors, tumors of the myocardium
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Snake bite, toxins
Psychiatric Anxiety disorders, depression, emotional stress, fatigue, fear, generalized anxiety disorder, hysteria, panic attacks
Pulmonary Acute bronchitis , acute chest syndrome, acute lung syndrome, acute tracheobronchitis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, air-conditioner lung, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, asbestosis, aspiration, asthma, atelectasis, bird breeder's lung, bird fancier's lung, bronchial asthma, bronchial atresia, bronchial tumors, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchogenic carcinoma, bronchogenic cyst, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, central sleep apnea, cheese worker's lung, chemical worker's lung, chest trauma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chylothorax, CMV Pneumonitis, community-acquired pneumonia, churg - Strauss Syndrome, Coal worker pneumoconiosis, cor pulmonale, cystic fibrosis, cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung, decreased thoracic or diaphragmatic excursion, diffuse panbronchiolitis, pleural empyema, emphysema, eosinophilic pneumonia, epiglottitis,exercise-induced asthma, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, fat embolism, fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic, flail chest, flash pulmonary edema Goodpasture syndrome, grain handler's lung, hemochlyothorax, hemothorax, histiocytosis X, humidifier lung, hydrochlyothorax, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, hypoxia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, bronchospasm, larynx fracture, lung cancer, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, malt worker's lung, miliary tuberculosis, pleural callosity, pleural effusion, pleural fibrosis, Pleurisy,pneumoconiosis, pneumochlyothorax, pneumonia, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, respiratory failure, respiratory distress syndrome (neonatal), sclerosing mediastinitis, sequestered lung, shock lung, smoke inhalation, smoking, Stiff lungs, stridor, tension pneumothorax, tonsillar abscess, tracheal stenosis, tracheal tumors, tracheomalacia, tracheolaryngobronchitistracheobronchial collapse, transient tachypnea of the newborn, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
Renal / Electrolyte Acidosis, dehydration, Goodpasture syndrome, metabolic acidosis, uremia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Allergy, anaphylactoid reactions, anaphylaxis, asthma, bronchial asthma, churg - Strauss Syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy,granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, mollusk shell hypersensitivity, mucor stolonifer, polyarteritis nodosa, quincke's edema, systemic sclerosis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Rib fractures, chest trauma, trauma
Urologic Micturition syncope
Miscellaneous Air pollution, altitude sickness, choking, chronic fatigue syndrome, decompression sickness, deconditioning, epidemic dropsy, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, Ludwig's angina, obesity, sarcoidosis

Causes in Alphabetical Order[1][2]

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3

Causes Based on Pathophysiology

Obstructive Lung Diseases

Diseases of Lung Parenchyma and Pleura

Contagious
Non-Contagious

Pulmonary Vascular Diseases

Obstruction of the Airway

Immobilization of the Diaphragm

Restriction of the Chest Volume

References

  1. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X


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