Disability: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
m (Bot: Removing from Primary care)
 
(15 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
[[Image:International Symbol of Access.svg|thumb|150px|[[International Symbol of Accessibility]]]]
[[Image:International Symbol of Access.svg|thumb|150px|[[International Symbol of Accessibility]]]]
{{Disability}}
{{Disability}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ochuko}}


== Disability insurance—nationalized and private ==
==[[Disability overview|Overview]]==
Disability benefit, or disability pension, is the largest kind of [[disability insurance]], and is provided by government agencies to people who are unable to work due to a disability, temporarily or permanently. In the U.S., disability benefit is provided within the category of [[Supplemental Security Income]], and in Canada, within the [[Canada Pension Plan]]. In other countries, disability benefit may be provided under [[Social Security]] system.


Costs of disability pensions are steadily growing in Western countries, mainly European and the United States. It was reported that in the UK, expenditure on disability pensions accounted for 0.9% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 1980, but two decades later had reached 2.6% of GDP.<ref>OECD. Transforming disability into ability: Policies to promote work and income security for disabled people. Paris: OECD Publication Offices. 2003</ref><ref>Labriola M, Lund T. Self-reported sickness absence as a risk marker of future disability pension. Prospective findings from the DWECS/DREAM study 1990-2004. Int J Med Sci 2007; 4:153-158. http://www.medsci.org/v04p0153.htm</ref> Several studies have reported a link between increased sickness absence and elevated risk of future disability pension.<ref>Virtanen M, Kivimaki M, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Sund R, Virtanen P, Ferrie JE. Sickness absence as a risk factor for job termination, unemployment, and disability pension among temporary and permanent employees. Occup Environ Med. 2006;63(3):212-7</ref> A study by Denmark researchers suggests that information on self-reported days of sickness absence can be used to effectively identify future potential groups for disability pension. [http://www.medsci.org/v04p0153.htm] These studies may provide useful information for policy makers, case managing authorities, employers, and physicians responsible for interventions aiming at reducing the cost and work disability.
==[[Disability definitions and models|Definitions and Models]]==


Private, for-profit disability insurance plays a role in providing incomes to disabled people, but the nationalized programs are the safety net that catches most claimants.
==[[the disability rights movement|The Disability Rights Movement]]==


== Adaptations ==
==[[Disability impairment, culture, language and labeling|Impairment, Culture, Language and Labeling]]==


[[Assistive Technology]] (AT) is a generic term for devices and modifications (for a person or within a society) that help overcome or remove a disability. The first recorded example of the use of a [[prosthesis]] dates to at least 1800 BC.<ref>[http://www.disabilityhistory.org/timeline_new.html Disability Social History Project]</ref> A more recent notable example is the [[wheelchair]], dating from the [[17th Century]]. The [[curb cut]] is a related structural innovation. Other modern examples are [[standing frames]], text [[telephones]], accessible [[keyboards]], [[large print]], [[Braille]], & [[speech recognition]] [[Computer software]]. Individuals with disabilities often develop personal or community adaptations, such as strategies to suppress tics in public (for example in [[Tourette's syndrome]]), or [[sign language]] in [[deaf]] communities. Assistive technology or interventions are sometimes controversial or rejected, for example in the controversy over [[cochlear implants]] for children. A number of symbols are in use to indicate whether certain accessibility adaptations have been made[http://www.gag.org/resources/das.php].
==[[Disability government policies and support|Government Policies and Support]]==


===Accessible computing===
==[[Disability demographics|Demographics]]==
As the [[personal computer]] has become more [[ubiquity|ubiquitous]], various organisations have been founded which [[software development|develop]] [[software]] and [[hardware]] which make a computer more accessible for people with disabilities. Some software and hardware, such as [[SmartboxAT]]'s ''[[The Grid (software)|The Grid]]'', and [[Freedom Scientific]]'s ''[[JAWS (screen reader)|JAWS]]'' has been specifically designed for people with disabilities; other pieces of software and hardware, such as [[Nuance Communications|Nuance]]'s [[Dragon NaturallySpeaking]], was not developed specifically for people with disabilities, but can be used to increase accessibility.


Further organisations, such as [[AbilityNet]] and [[U Can Do IT]], have been established to provide assessment services which determine which assistive technologies would best assist an individual client, and also to train people with disabilities in how to use computer-based assistive technology.
==[[Disability disability insurance|Disability Insurance]]==
 
==[[Disability adaptations|Adaptations]]==
 
==[[Disability screening|Screening]]==
 
==Diagnosis==
 
[[Disability physical examination|Physical Examination]]  | [[Disability CT|CT]] | [[Disability other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Disability other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
==Treatment==
 
[[Disability medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Disability surgery|Surgery]] | [[Disability primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Disability secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Disability cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Disability future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
 
[[Disability case study one|Case #1]]


==Related Chapters==
==Related Chapters==
Line 28: Line 42:
*[[Developmental disability]]
*[[Developmental disability]]
*[[Disability etiquette]]
*[[Disability etiquette]]
*[[Disability Discrimination Act]]
*Disability rights movement
*[[Disabled robotics]]
* [[Disabled sports]]
* [[Disabled sports]]
*[[Disability studies]]
*[[Ergonomy]]
*[[Ergonomy]]
*[[Easter Seals]]
*[[Extremity Games]]
{{ColBreak}}
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Human variability]]
*[[Human variability]]
*[[Inclusive development]]
*[[Independent living]]
*[[International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health]]
*[[International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health]]
*[[Invisible disability]]
*[[Invisible disability]]
*[[Learning disability]]
*[[Learning disability]]
* [[List of disability rights organizations]]
*[[Orthopedics]]
*[[Orthopedics]]
*[[Post Secondary Transition For High School Students with Disabilities]]
*[[Passing (disability)|Passing]]
*[[Passing (disability)|Passing]]
*[[Special education]]
*[[Special education]]
{{EndMultiCol}}
{{EndMultiCol}}
==Footnotes==
<div class="references-small"> {{reflist|2}} </div>
== References ==
* Frank Bowe, ''Handicapping America:Barriers to disabled people'', Harper & Row, 1978 ISBN 0-06-010422-8
* ''Encyclopedia of disability'', general ed. Gary L. Albrecht, Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : SAGE Publ., 2005
* David Johnstone, ''An Introduction to Disability Studies'', 2001, 2nd edition, ISBN 1-85346-726-X
* Michael Oliver, ''The Politics of Disablement'', St. Martin's Press 1997, ISBN 0-333-43293-2
* Tom Shakespeare, ''Genetic Politics: from Eugenics to Genome'', with Anne Kerr , New Clarion Press, 1999, ISBN 1-873797-25-7
* Kaushik, R.,1999, " Access Denied: Can we overcome disabling attitudes ," Museum International (UNESCO) , Vol. 51, No. 3, p. 48-52.
* [http://www.disabilitynow.org.uk/ Disability Now]
* Glenn, Eddie.  March 20, 1997.  "African American Women with Disabilities: An Overview."


== External Links ==
== External Links ==
Line 67: Line 58:
* [http://www.disabilities-online.com: Disabilities Online Database]
* [http://www.disabilities-online.com: Disabilities Online Database]
* [http://www.disability247.co.uk: Disability 247: Information and resources for disabled people in the United Kingdom]
* [http://www.disability247.co.uk: Disability 247: Information and resources for disabled people in the United Kingdom]
* [http://www.pdrater.com PDRater.com: Online Calculator for Worker's Compensation Benefits in California]
* [http://www.sadiesshack.com Sadie's Shack] – An online community for people with disabilities
*[http://www.disapedia.com Disapedia] – A Wiki for everything disability related
*[http://osha.europa.eu/good_practice/person/disability People with disabilities], [[EU-OSHA]]
*[http://hwi.osha.europa.eu/topic_integration_disabilities/ Integration and retention of people with disabilities], [[EU-OSHA]]
*[http://www.disabilityhelpsite.com/ Disability Help Site] – A disability resource site
*[http://www.disabilitynow.org.uk/ Disability Now]
*[http://www.disabilitynow.org.uk/ Disability Now]
*[http://www.enableamerica.org/ Enable America - a disability resource site]
*[http://www.enableamerica.org/ Enable America - a disability resource site]
*[http://www.dppi.org.uk/ Disability, Pregnancy & Parenthood International]
*[http://www.dppi.org.uk/ Disability, Pregnancy & Parenthood International]
*[http://www.aapd-dc.org/index.php American Association of People with Disabilities]
*[http://www.disabilityhistory.org/ The Disability Social History Project]
*[http://www.disabilityhistory.org/ The Disability Social History Project]
*[http://www.independentliving.org/ Independent Living Institute]
*[http://www.independentliving.org/ Independent Living Institute]
Line 88: Line 72:
*[http://www.socialsecurity.gov/disability Social Security Administration page on disability]
*[http://www.socialsecurity.gov/disability Social Security Administration page on disability]
*[http://www.stopguardianabuse.org/  National Association to Stop Guardian Abuse (NASGA) USA]
*[http://www.stopguardianabuse.org/  National Association to Stop Guardian Abuse (NASGA) USA]
*[http://www.disability.gi/ Gibraltar Local Disability Movement (G.L.D.M.)]
*[http://www.disabledparents.net/ Parents with Disabilities Online]
*[http://www.disabilitysecrets.com Applying for disability]
*[http://lookingglass.org/index.php Through the Looking Glass]
*[http://lookingglass.org/index.php Through the Looking Glass]
*[http://www.bipolar-lives.com/bipolar-disability.html Applying for Bipolar Disability]


<br>
<br>
[[Category:Disability]]
[[Category:Educational psychology]]
[[Category:Elderly and disabled]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
Line 125: Line 99:
[[zh:残疾]]
[[zh:残疾]]
[[el:Αναπηρία]]
[[el:Αναπηρία]]
[[Category:Disability]]
[[Category:Educational psychology]]
[[Category:Elderly and disabled]]

Latest revision as of 21:24, 29 July 2020

International Symbol of Accessibility

Disability Microchapters

Home

Overview

Definitions and Models

The Disability Rights Movement

Impairment, Culture, Language and Labeling

Government Policies and Support

Demographics

Disability Insurance

Adaptations

Screening

Diagnosis

Physical Examination

CT

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Disability On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Disability

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Disability

CDC on Disability

Disability in the news

Blogs on Disability

Directions to Hospitals Treating Disability

Risk calculators and risk factors for Disability

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

Definitions and Models

The Disability Rights Movement

Impairment, Culture, Language and Labeling

Government Policies and Support

Demographics

Disability Insurance

Adaptations

Screening

Diagnosis

Physical Examination | CT | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters


External Links


Template:WH Template:WS

ca:Discapacitat de:Behinderung io:Handikapo it:Handicap (medicina) he:נכות nl:Handicap no:Funksjonshemning simple:Disability fi:Vammaisuus sv:Funktionshinder th:คนพิการ uk:Інвалідність el:Αναπηρία

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Disability&oldid=1637282"