Diabetes mellitus type 2 causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(13 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Diabetes mellitus type 2}}
{{Diabetes mellitus type 2}}
{{Diabetes mellitus}}
{{CMG}};{{AE}}{{MehdiP}}
{{CMG}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
The underlying cause of [[Diabetes mellitus type 2|type 2 diabetes]] is [[insulin resistance]]. The exact cause of [[insulin resistance]] is not known, however several [[Theory|theories]] exist. There is often an interplay of multiple [[Risk factor|risk factors]] coupled with the effect of environmental factors in a [[Genetics|genetically]] susceptible person, which results in [[hyperglycemia]] and [[insulin resistance]]. [[Central obesity]], [[Ageing|aging]], sedentary life style, [[Glycemic index|high glycemic]] diets and some [[Medication|medications]] are most commonly implicated in the development of [[Diabetes mellitus type 2|type 2 diabetes]].


== Causes ==
== Causes ==
There are numerous theories as to the exact cause and mechanism in type 2 diabetes. [[Central obesity]] (fat concentrated around the waist in relation to abdominal organs, but not subcutaneous fat) is known to predispose individuals for insulin resistance. Abdominal fat is especially active hormonally, secreting a group of hormones called [[adipokine]]s that may possibly impair glucose tolerance. Obesity is found in approximately 55% of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Eberhart | first = MS | coauthors = Ogden C, Engelgau M, Cadwell B, Hedley AA, Saydah SH | title = Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Adults with Diagnosed Diabetes --- United States, 1988--1994 and 1999--2002 | journal = Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | volume = 53 | issue = 45 | pages = 1066-1068 | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | date = November 19, 2004 | url = http://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5345a2.htm | accessdate = 2007-03-11}}</ref> Other factors include aging (about 20% of elderly patients in North America have diabetes) and family history (type 2 is much more common in those with close relatives who have had it). In the last decade, type 2 diabetes has increasingly begun to affect children and adolescents, likely in connection with the increased prevalence of childhood obesity seen in recent decades in some places.<ref>{{cite book
*The etiology of [[Diabetes mellitus type 2|type 2 diabetes]] is multifactorial.<ref name="pmid28679485">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salinero-Fort MA, San Andrés-Rebollo FJ, Gómez-Campelo P, de Burgos-Lunar C, Cárdenas-Valladolid J, Abánades-Herranz JC, Otero-Puime A, Jiménez-García R, López-de-Andrés A, de Miguel-Yanes JM |title=Body mass index and all-cause mortality among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: Findings from the 5-year follow-up of the MADIABETES cohort |journal=Eur. J. Intern. Med. |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=28679485 |doi=10.1016/j.ejim.2017.06.021 |url=}}</ref> There is often an interplay of multiple [[Risk factor|risk factors]] coupled with the effect of environmental factors in a [[Genetics|genetically]] susceptible person, which results in [[hyperglycemia]] and [[insulin resistance]]. Numerous [[Theory|theories]] exist as to the exact cause and mechanism in [[Diabetes mellitus type 2|type 2 diabetes]].
| last = Arlan Rosenbloom
 
| first = Janet H Silverstein
===Common Causes===
| title = Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: A Clinician's Guide to Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment
Common causes of [[diabetes mellitus type 2]] may include:<ref>{{cite journal | last = Eberhart | first = MS | coauthors = Ogden C, Engelgau M, Cadwell B, Hedley AA, Saydah SH | title = Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Adults with Diagnosed Diabetes --- United States, 1988--1994 and 1999--2002 | journal = Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | volume = 53 | issue = 45 | pages = 1066-1068 | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | date = November 19, 2004 | url = http://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5345a2.htm | accessdate = 2007-03-11}}</ref><ref name="pmid15549021">{{cite journal| author=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)| title=Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults with diagnosed diabetes--United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2002. | journal=MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep | year= 2004 | volume= 53 | issue= 45 | pages= 1066-8 | pmid=15549021 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15549021  }} </ref>
| publisher = American Diabetes Association,U.S.
*[[Insulin resistance]]
| date = 2003
*[[Central obesity]]
| pages = 1
**Predispose individuals to [[insulin resistance]]
| isbn = 978-1580401555
**[[abdomen|Abdominal]] [[fat]] is especially active [[Hormone|hormonally]], [[secretion|secreting]] a group of [[Hormone|hormones]] called [[adipokine]]s that may possibly impair [[glucose]] tolerance
}}</ref>
**[[Obesity]] is found in approximately 55% of patients diagnosed with [[Diabetes mellitus type 2|type 2 diabetes]]
**In the last decade, [[Diabetes mellitus type 2|type 2 diabetes]] has increasingly begun to affect children and adolescents, likely in connection with the increased [[prevalence]] of childhood [[obesity]]
*Positive [[family history]]
**[[Diabetes mellitus type 2]] is much more common in those with close relatives who have [[Diabetes mellitus type 2|type 2 DM]]
 
===Less Common Causes===
*[[Ageing|Aging]]<ref name=":0">Jack, L., Jr., Boseman, L. & Vinicor, F. Aging Americans and diabetes. A public health and clinical response. ''Geriatrics'' '''2004''', 59, 14-17.</ref>
**About 20% of elderly [[patient|patients]] in North America have [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetes]]
*[[Hemochromatosis]]
*[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
*[[Medication|Medications]]
**[[Desogestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol]]
**[[Dexamethasone]]
**[[Estropipate]]
**[[goserelin]]
**[[Indinavir]]
**[[interferon alfacon-1]]
**[[Pasireotide]]
**[[Pegylated interferon alfa-2b]]
**[[Pergolide]]
**[[Ritonavir]]
**[[Saquinavir mesylate]]
**[[Tipranavir]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Needs content]]
 
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 11:38, 21 October 2020

Diabetes mellitus main page

Diabetes mellitus type 2 Microchapters

Home

Patient information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical therapy

Life Style Modification
Pharmacotherapy
Glycemic Control

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]

Overview

The underlying cause of type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance. The exact cause of insulin resistance is not known, however several theories exist. There is often an interplay of multiple risk factors coupled with the effect of environmental factors in a genetically susceptible person, which results in hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Central obesity, aging, sedentary life style, high glycemic diets and some medications are most commonly implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes.

Causes

Common Causes

Common causes of diabetes mellitus type 2 may include:[2][3]

Less Common Causes

References

  1. ↑ Salinero-Fort MA, San Andrés-Rebollo FJ, Gómez-Campelo P, de Burgos-Lunar C, Cárdenas-Valladolid J, Abánades-Herranz JC, Otero-Puime A, Jiménez-García R, López-de-Andrés A, de Miguel-Yanes JM (2017). "Body mass index and all-cause mortality among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: Findings from the 5-year follow-up of the MADIABETES cohort". Eur. J. Intern. Med. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2017.06.021. PMID 28679485.
  2. ↑ Eberhart, MS (November 19, 2004). "Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Adults with Diagnosed Diabetes --- United States, 1988--1994 and 1999--2002". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 53 (45): 1066–1068. Retrieved 2007-03-11. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2004). "Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults with diagnosed diabetes--United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2002". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 53 (45): 1066–8. PMID 15549021.
  4. ↑ Jack, L., Jr., Boseman, L. & Vinicor, F. Aging Americans and diabetes. A public health and clinical response. Geriatrics 2004, 59, 14-17.


Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Diabetes_mellitus_type_2_causes&oldid=1670264"