Cysticercosis physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Neurocysticercosis
Parenchymal:
Physical signs on neurological exam are highly variable and depend on the number, site and size of the lesions:
- Motor imapirment: Most common finding and can be in the form of hemiparesis or focal motor deficit.
- Sensory deficit
- Imapaired level of consciousness
- Speech and Language deficits
- Cerecellar and extrapyramidal deficits
Extraparenchymal:
1. Ocular cysticercosis:
- Symptoms depend on the exact site of infestation in the eye.
- Retinal and subretinal infestaion have the worst prognosis and are the most difficult to treat.
2. Extraparenchymal in the brain ventricles and subarachnoid space: Signs of increased intracranial pressure:
- Papilledema
- High opening pressure on lumbar puncture
- In advanced cases: reflex bradycardia and imapired level of consciosness
3. Spinal cord cysticercosis:
It is very rare (1.5-3% of all the cases). (21)The resentaion depends on the site of the lesion.
- Low back pain that may radiate down the legs
- Weakness in the legs and feet
- Loss of sensation in the legs and feet
- Bladder and bowel problems
- Sexual dysfunction
- Foot drop
- Decreased or absent reflexes in the legs
- Pain in the chest and/or back
- Loss of sensation below the level of the compression
- Paralysis of respiratory muscles
Extraneural
Muscular cysticercosis
- Muscular pseudohypertrophy, which initiate with muscle swelling
- Muscular atrophy and fibrosis at later stage
Cutaneous cysticercosis
- Subcutaneous cysts are in the form of firm, mobile nodules, occurring mainly on the trunk and extremities.
Gallery
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![Presence of a cysticercus, the larval form of the Taenia solium pork tapeworm in the pupil of this patient’s left eye. Although rare, cysticerci may float in the eye and cause blurry or disturbed vision. Infection in the eyes may cause swelling or detachment of the retina. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/b/bc/Taenia_solium01.jpeg)
Presence of a cysticercus, the larval form of the Taenia solium pork tapeworm in the pupil of this patient’s left eye. Although rare, cysticerci may float in the eye and cause blurry or disturbed vision. Infection in the eyes may cause swelling or detachment of the retina. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
![Presence of a cysticercus, the larval form of the Taenia solium pork tapeworm in the pupil of this patient’s left eye. Although rare, cysticerci may float in the eye and cause blurry or disturbed vision. Infection in the eyes may cause swelling or detachment of the retina. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Taenia_solium01.jpeg)