Coxsackie virus

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usama Talib, BSc, MD [2]

Coxsackie Virus

Overview

Classification

Coxsackie A virus
Coxsackie B virus
Coxsackie B4 virus

Differential Diagnosis

Overview

Coxsackie (virus) is a cytolytic virus of the Picornaviridae family, an enterovirus (a group containing the polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses). There are 61 non-polio enteroviruses that can cause disease in humans, of which 23 are Coxsackie A viruses (6 are Coxsackie B viruses). Enterovirus are the second most common viral infectious agents in humans (after the rhinoviruses)

Classification

Coxsackie viruses consist of Coxsackie A virus and Coxsackie B virus. Coxsackie B virus has 6 serotypes, one of the significant serotypes is called Coxsackie B4 virus.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coxsackie Virus
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coxsackie A virus
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coxsackie B virus[1]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Coxsackie B virus diseases
 
 
 
 
 
Coxsackie B4 virus diseases
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hand, foot and mouth disease
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
Herpangina
Aseptic meningitis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pericarditis
Myocarditis
Pericardial effusion
Pleurodynia
Hepatitis
Sjogren's syndorme
 
 
 
 
 
Diabetes mellitus
• Acute flaccid myelitis[2]
 
 

Differential Diagnosis

Coxsackie A virus and Coxsackie B virus can cause multiple diseases in humans. The wide array of diseases caused by Coxsackie viruses can be differentiated from one another easily on the basis of involvement of the organs systems, clinical presentation and diagnostic techniques.

Virus Type Disease Clinical Features Diagnosis
Coxscakie A virus Hand foot and mouth disease
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Loss of appetite
  • Maculopapular or vesicular rash with very small blisters on hands, feet, and diaper area; may be tender or painful if pressed
  • Sore throat*

Ulcers in the throat (including tonsils), mouth, and tongue

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis[3][4][5]
  • Rapidly progressive
  • Infection starts ipsilaterally, but rapidly involves the fellow eye within 1 or 2 days
  • Eyelids swelling
  • Tearing
  • Eye redness
  • Severe eye pain
  • Purulent discharge
  • Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Herpangina
  • Sudden fever
  • Sore throat and dysphagia- May occur up to 24 hours before the appearance of the enanthem
  • Vomitting
  • Abdominal pain
  • Myalgia
  • Headache
  • Pharyngeal lesions
  • Primarily clinical
  • Pharyngeal viral cultures may be helpful
  • Approximately 1 week after infection, type-specific antibodies appear in the blood
Aseptic Meningitis
Coxsackie B virus Pericarditis
Myocarditis
Pericardial effusion
Pleurodynia
Hepatitis
Sjogren's syndrome

Template:Baltimore classification Template:Viral diseases


Template:WikiDoc Sources

  1. Fields, Bernard N. (1985). Fields Virology. New York: Raven Press. pp. 739–794. ISBN 0-88167-026-X. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
  2. Cho SM, MacDonald S, Frontera JA (2017). "Coxsackie B3/B4-Related Acute Flaccid Myelitis". Neurocrit Care. doi:10.1007/s12028-017-0377-8. PMID 28324262.
  3. Yin-Murphy M (1976). "Simple tests for the diagnosis of picornavirus epidemic conjunctivitis (acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis)". Bull World Health Organ. 54 (6): 675–9. PMC 2366581. PMID 1088513.
  4. Pinto RD, Lira RP, Arieta CE, Castro RS, Bonon SH (2015). "The prevalence of adenoviral conjunctivitis at the Clinical Hospital of the State University of Campinas, Brazil". Clinics (Sao Paulo). 70 (11): 748–50. doi:10.6061/clinics/2015(11)06. PMC 4642493. PMID 26602522.
  5. Jhanji V, Chan TC, Li EY, Agarwal K, Vajpayee RB (2015). "Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis". Surv Ophthalmol. 60 (5): 435–43. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.04.001. PMID 26077630.