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==Overview==
Chondrosarcoma may be classified based on histological findings and location.
==Classification==
==Classification==
===Classification and Grading===
*Chondrosarcoma be classified based on [[Histology|histological findings]] and location.
Physicians grade chondrosarcoma using several criteria, but particularly on how abnormal the cancerous cells appear under the microscope, and the growth rate of the tumors themselves, both of which are directly linked to the propensity of the cancer to invade locally, and to spread widely to distant organs and sites in the body (called [[metastasis]]).


Grade 1 chondrosarcoma grows relatively slowly, has cells whose [[histological]] appearance is quite similar to cells of normal cartilage, and have much less aggressive invasive and metastatic properties. Grades 2 and 3 are increasingly faster-growing cancers, with more varied and abnormal-looking cells, and are much more likely to infiltrate surrounding tissues, lymph nodes, and organs. Some, but not all, authorities and medical facilities assign a "Grade 4" to the most [[anaplastic]], undifferentiated cartilage-derived tumors.
===Histological Classification===
*Chondrosarcoma may be classified based on [[Histological|histological findings]] into following groups:<ref name="pmid8378694">{{cite journal| author=Raymond E, L'Her P, Jeanbourquin D, Schill H, Jancovici R, Daly JP et al.| title=[Chondrosarcoma of the thoracic wall. Review of the literature apropos of 4 cases]. | journal=Rev Pneumol Clin | year= 1993 | volume= 49 | issue= 1 | pages= 19-25 | pmid=8378694 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8378694  }} </ref><ref name="pmid30559960">{{cite journal| author=Lex JR, Evans S, Stevenson JD, Parry M, Jeys LM, Grimer RJ| title=Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma of the pelvis: clinical outcomes and current treatment. | journal=Clin Sarcoma Res | year= 2018 | volume= 8 | issue=  | pages= 23 | pmid=30559960 | doi=10.1186/s13569-018-0110-1 | pmc=6293503 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30559960  }} </ref>


The most common sites for chondrosarcoma to grow are the pelvis and shoulder, along with the superior [[metaphysis|metaphysial]] and [[diaphysis|diaphysial]] regions of the arms and legs.<ref name="urlChondrosarcoma : Cancerbackup">{{cite web |url=http://www.cancerbacup.org.uk/Cancertype/Bone/Typesofbonecancer/Chondrosarcoma#3340 |title=Chondrosarcoma : Cancerbackup |format= |work= |accessdate=2009-02-14}}</ref> However, chondrosarcoma may occur in any bone, and are sometimes found in the skull, particularly at its base.
'''Primary Chondrosarcoma'''
*Chondrosarcoma that arises denovo and comprises of following subtypes:
**Conventional chondrosarcoma - Low-grade, high-grade, and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (90% of all chondrosarcomas)
**Clear cell chondrosarcoma (1% of all chondrosarcomas)
**Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (2% of all chondrosarcomas)


[[ICD-O]] codes provide a more precise classification of chondrosarcoma. These "subtypes" are derived from, and reflect, both (a) the topographical location of the tumor, (b) the histological characteristics of the cancerous cartilage cells, and (c) the makeup of the surrounding matrix material associated with the tumor:
'''Secondary Chondrosarcoma'''
*Chondrosarcoma that arises from [[benign]] [[cartilage]] lesions includes (7% of all chondrosarcomas):
**[[Osteochondroma]] (<1% risk of [[malignant]] transfomation)
**Multiple hereditary exostosis (1-10% risk of [[malignant]] transformation)
**[[Enchondroma|Enchondromas]] (1% risk of [[malignant]] transformation)
**[[Enchondroma|Ollier's disease]] (25-40% risk of [[malignant]] transformation)
**[[Maffucci's disease]](100% risk of [[malignant]] transformation)


* 9220 = Chondrosarcoma NOS ("Not Otherwise Specified")
===Based on Location===
* 9221 = [[Juxtacortical chondrosarcoma]]
*Chondrosarcoma may be classified based on location into following groups:<ref name="pmid19411454">{{cite journal| author=Giuffrida AY, Burgueno JE, Koniaris LG, Gutierrez JC, Duncan R, Scully SP| title=Chondrosarcoma in the United States (1973 to 2003): an analysis of 2890 cases from the SEER database. | journal=J Bone Joint Surg Am | year= 2009 | volume= 91 | issue= 5 | pages= 1063-72 | pmid=19411454 | doi=10.2106/JBJS.H.00416 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19411454  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17908885">{{cite journal| author=Skeletal Lesions Interobserver Correlation among Expert Diagnosticians (SLICED) Study Group| title=Reliability of histopathologic and radiologic grading of cartilaginous neoplasms in long bones. | journal=J Bone Joint Surg Am | year= 2007 | volume= 89 | issue= 10 | pages= 2113-23 | pmid=17908885 | doi=10.2106/JBJS.F.01530 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17908885  }} </ref>
* 9231 = [[Myxoid chondrosarcoma]]
**Centrally located within the [[medullary cavity]]. (central chondrosarcoma) (70% of all chondrosarcomas)
* 9240 = [[Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma]]
**Peripherally located on the surface of bone as a result of [[malignant]] transformation within the [[cartilaginous]] cap. (Peripheral chondrosarcoma) (15% of all chondrosarcomas)
* 9242 = [[Clear cell chondrosarcoma]]
* 9243 = [[Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma]]


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Latest revision as of 15:52, 24 January 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2]

Overview

Chondrosarcoma may be classified based on histological findings and location.

Classification

Histological Classification

Primary Chondrosarcoma

  • Chondrosarcoma that arises denovo and comprises of following subtypes:
    • Conventional chondrosarcoma - Low-grade, high-grade, and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (90% of all chondrosarcomas)
    • Clear cell chondrosarcoma (1% of all chondrosarcomas)
    • Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (2% of all chondrosarcomas)

Secondary Chondrosarcoma

Based on Location

  • Chondrosarcoma may be classified based on location into following groups:[3][4]
    • Centrally located within the medullary cavity. (central chondrosarcoma) (70% of all chondrosarcomas)
    • Peripherally located on the surface of bone as a result of malignant transformation within the cartilaginous cap. (Peripheral chondrosarcoma) (15% of all chondrosarcomas)

References

  1. ↑ Raymond E, L'Her P, Jeanbourquin D, Schill H, Jancovici R, Daly JP; et al. (1993). "[Chondrosarcoma of the thoracic wall. Review of the literature apropos of 4 cases]". Rev Pneumol Clin. 49 (1): 19–25. PMID 8378694.
  2. ↑ Lex JR, Evans S, Stevenson JD, Parry M, Jeys LM, Grimer RJ (2018). "Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma of the pelvis: clinical outcomes and current treatment". Clin Sarcoma Res. 8: 23. doi:10.1186/s13569-018-0110-1. PMC 6293503. PMID 30559960.
  3. ↑ Giuffrida AY, Burgueno JE, Koniaris LG, Gutierrez JC, Duncan R, Scully SP (2009). "Chondrosarcoma in the United States (1973 to 2003): an analysis of 2890 cases from the SEER database". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 91 (5): 1063–72. doi:10.2106/JBJS.H.00416. PMID 19411454.
  4. ↑ Skeletal Lesions Interobserver Correlation among Expert Diagnosticians (SLICED) Study Group (2007). "Reliability of histopathologic and radiologic grading of cartilaginous neoplasms in long bones". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 89 (10): 2113–23. doi:10.2106/JBJS.F.01530. PMID 17908885.

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