Drugs.com state that this information comes directly from the FDA </ref>
<!--Guideline-Supported Use (Adult)-->
It kills (is bactericidal to) both [[gram-positive]] and [[gram-negative]] [[microbe]]s, although it is less effective with some gram-negative microbes.
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport======Condition1=====
<ref> {{cite web
| title = THE MOST COMMON TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIALS
* Developed by:
| work = Care of the umbilical cord
| publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | date = 1998
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
<!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Adult)-->
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport======Condition1=====
* Dosing Information
:* Dosage
=====Condition2=====
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
<!--Pediatric Indications and Dosage-->
<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)-->
|fdaLIADPed======Condition1=====
* Dosing Information
:* Dosage
=====Condition2=====
There is limited information regarding <i>FDA-Labeled Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
<!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)-->
<!--Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
|offLabelPedGuideSupport======Condition1=====
* Developed by:
* Class of Recommendation:
* Strength of Evidence:
* Dosing Information
:* Dosage
=====Condition2=====
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
<!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport======Condition1=====
* Dosing Information
:* Dosage
=====Condition2=====
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
<!--Contraindications-->
|contraindications=* Condition1
<!--Warnings-->
|warnings=* Description
====Precautions====
* Description
<!--Adverse Reactions-->
<!--Clinical Trials Experience-->
|clinicalTrials=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Trial Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
=====Body as a Whole=====
=====Cardiovascular=====
=====Digestive=====
=====Endocrine=====
=====Hematologic and Lymphatic=====
=====Metabolic and Nutritional=====
=====Musculoskeletal=====
=====Neurologic=====
=====Respiratory=====
=====Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions=====
=====Special Senses=====
=====Urogenital=====
=====Miscellaneous=====
<!--Postmarketing Experience-->
|postmarketing=There is limited information regarding <i>Postmarketing Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
=====Body as a Whole=====
=====Cardiovascular=====
=====Digestive=====
=====Endocrine=====
=====Hematologic and Lymphatic=====
=====Metabolic and Nutritional=====
=====Musculoskeletal=====
=====Neurologic=====
=====Respiratory=====
=====Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions=====
=====Special Senses=====
=====Urogenital=====
=====Miscellaneous=====
<!--Drug Interactions-->
|drugInteractions=* Drug
:* Description
<!--Use in Specific Populations-->
|useInPregnancyFDA=* '''Pregnancy Category'''
|useInPregnancyAUS=* '''Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category'''
There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of {{PAGENAME}} in women who are pregnant.
|useInLaborDelivery=There is no FDA guidance on use of {{PAGENAME}} during labor and delivery.
|useInNursing=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to nursing mothers.
|useInPed=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to pediatric patients.
|useInGeri=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to geriatric patients.
|useInGender=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific gender populations.
|useInRace=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific racial populations.
|useInRenalImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with renal impairment.
|useInHepaticImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with hepatic impairment.
|useInReproPotential=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in women of reproductive potentials and males.
|useInImmunocomp=There is no FDA guidance one the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients who are immunocompromised.
<!--Administration and Monitoring-->
|administration=* Oral
* Intravenous
|monitoring=There is limited information regarding <i>Monitoring</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
* Description
<!--IV Compatibility-->
|IVCompat=There is limited information regarding <i>IV Compatibility</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Overdosage-->
|overdose====Acute Overdose===
====Signs and Symptoms====
* Description
====Management====
* Description
===Chronic Overdose===
There is limited information regarding <i>Chronic Overdose</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Pharmacology-->
<!--Drug box 2-->
|drugBox=<!--Mechanism of Action-->
|mechAction=*
<!--Structure-->
|structure=*
: [[File:{{PAGENAME}}01.png|thumb|none|600px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
<!--Pharmacodynamics-->
|PD=There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacodynamics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Pharmacokinetics-->
|PK=There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacokinetics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Nonclinical Toxicology-->
|nonClinToxic=There is limited information regarding <i>Nonclinical Toxicology</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Clinical Studies-->
|clinicalStudies=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Studies</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
The mechanism of action is believed to be membrane disruption, and not [[ATPase]] inactivation as previously thought.
<!--How Supplied-->
|howSupplied=*
|packLabel=<!--Patient Counseling Information-->
|fdaPatientInfo=There is limited information regarding <i>Patient Counseling Information</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
Products containing chlorhexidine in high concentrations must be kept away from eyes (corneal ulcers) and the inner ear (deafness), although it is used in minute concentrations in some contact lens solutions.
<!--Precautions with Alcohol-->
|alcohol=* Alcohol-{{PAGENAME}} interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
==Availability==
<!--Brand Names-->
It is sometimes marketed under the brand names '''Peridex''', '''Periochip''', '''Periogard Oral Rinse'''. In the [[United Kingdom|UK]] it is sometimes marketed under the brand names '''Corsodyl''' or '''Chlorohex''', in [[Germany]] as '''Chlorhexamed''', in [[Australia]] as '''Savacol''', in Venezuela as '''Perioxidina''' and in some Central American countries as '''Clorexil'''.
|brandNames=* ®<ref>{{Cite web | title = | url = }}</ref>
In some countries it is available by [[Medical prescription|prescription]] only.
<!--Look-Alike Drug Names-->
|lookAlike=* A® — B®<ref name="www.ismp.org">{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = http://www.ismp.org | url = http://www.ismp.org | publisher = | date = }}</ref>
==Dental applications==
<!--Drug Shortage Status-->
It is often used as an active ingredient in [[mouthwash]] designed to kill [[dental plaque]] and other oral [[bacterium|bacteria]]. Chlorhexidine can thus be used to improve bad breath.<ref>http://www.freshbreath.ca/fbcpubs.html</ref>
|drugShortage=
}}
{{PillImage
|fileName=No image.jpg
}}
{{LabelImage
|fileName={{PAGENAME}}11.png
}}
{{LabelImage
|fileName={{PAGENAME}}11.png
}}
<!--Pill Image-->
Chlorhexidine based products are usually utilized to combat or prevent [[gum disease]]s such as [[gingivitis]]. According to Colgate [https://secure.colgateprofessional.com/app/ColgateProfessional/US/EN/Products/ProductItems/ColgatePerioGard/ProductSpecifics.cvsp], chlorhexidine gluconate has not been proven to reduce subgingivial calculus and in some studies actually increased deposits.
==Deactivation==
Chlorhexidine is deactivated by [[anionic]] compounds, including the anionic [[surfactants]] commonly used as detergents in toothpastes and mouthwashes. For this reason, chlorhexidine mouth rinses should be used at least 30 minutes after other dental products.<ref name=Denton>Denton W , Chlorhexidine In: Sterilisation and Preservation 5th Edition, Block SS, eds. Lippincott Williams & Williams, Philadelphia, 2001; 321-36.</ref> For best effectiveness, food, drink, smoking, and mouth rinses should be avoided for at least one hour after use.
==Non-dental applications==
<!--Label Display Image-->
Chlorhexidine is also used in non-dental applications, most notably under the [[brand name]]s '''Oronine''', '''Avagard''', '''Hibiclens''', '''Hibiscrub''', '''ChloraPrep''', '''BIOPATCH''', and '''Exidine'''. It is also a component of the famous household antiseptic '''Savlon'''. It is used for general [[skin]] cleansing, a surgical scrub and a pre-operative skin preparation. Due to other chemicals listed as inactive ingredients, the cleanser solution is not suitable for use as mouthwash. It is often used as a rubbing agent prior to the use of hypodermic or intravenous needles in place of [[iodine]]. Chlorhexidine is [[contraindicated]] for use near the [[meninges]], in the genital area, and near the eyes and ears. At the 2% concentration, it can cause serious and permanent injury on contact with the eye or if instilled through a perforated eardrum. As a scrub it is not recommended on persons under two months of age. It can be used also as [http://chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/CHLORHEXIDINE%20BASE.htm spermatocidal agent].
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
*[http://www.drugs.com/pro/chlorhexidine.html Drugs.com] states that this information comes directly from the [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]].
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Black Box Warning
ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
Content
Overview
Chlorhexidine is a {{{drugClass}}} that is FDA approved for the {{{indicationType}}} of {{{indication}}}. There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here. Common adverse reactions include .
Adult Indications and Dosage
FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)
Condition1
Dosing Information
Dosage
Condition2
Dosing Information
Dosage
Condition3
Dosing Information
Dosage
Condition4
Dosing Information
Dosage
Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)
Guideline-Supported Use
Condition1
Developed by:
Class of Recommendation:
Strength of Evidence:
Dosing Information
Dosage
Condition2
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Chlorhexidine in adult patients.
Non–Guideline-Supported Use
Condition1
Dosing Information
Dosage
Condition2
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Chlorhexidine in adult patients.
Pediatric Indications and Dosage
FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)
Condition1
Dosing Information
Dosage
Condition2
There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Chlorhexidine in pediatric patients.
Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)
Guideline-Supported Use
Condition1
Developed by:
Class of Recommendation:
Strength of Evidence:
Dosing Information
Dosage
Condition2
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Chlorhexidine in pediatric patients.
Non–Guideline-Supported Use
Condition1
Dosing Information
Dosage
Condition2
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Chlorhexidine in pediatric patients.
Contraindications
Condition1
Warnings
ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
Content
Description
Precautions
Description
Adverse Reactions
Clinical Trials Experience
There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Chlorhexidine in the drug label.
Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous
Postmarketing Experience
There is limited information regarding Postmarketing Experience of Chlorhexidine in the drug label.
