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| {{CMG}}
| | #REDIRECT[[chlorhexidine gluconate]] |
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| ==Overview==
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| {{drugbox
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| | IUPAC_name = 1-[amino-[6-[amino-[amino-(4-chlorophenyl)amino-<br>methylidene]amino-methylidene]aminohexylimino]<br>methyl]imino-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-methanediamine
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| | image = Chlorhexidine.png
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| | width = 183
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| | CAS_number = 55-56-1
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| | ATC_prefix = A01
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| | ATC_suffix = AB03
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| | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|B05|CA02}}, {{ATC|D08|AC02}}, {{ATC|D09|AA12}}, {{ATC|R02|AA05}}, {{ATC|S01|AX09}}, {{ATC|S02|AA09}}, {{ATC|S03|AA04}}
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| | PubChem = 5353524
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| | DrugBank = APRD00545
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| | C=22 | H=30 | Cl=2 | N=10
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| | molecular_weight = 505.446 g/mol
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| | bioavailability =
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| | protein_bound = 87%
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| | metabolism =
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| | elimination_half-life =
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| | pregnancy_category =
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| | legal_status =
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| | routes_of_administration =
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| {{SI}}
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| '''Chlorhexidine''' is a chemical [[antiseptic]].
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| <ref> {{cite web
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| | title = Chlorhexidine Official FDA information, side effects and uses
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| | work = Drug information Online | publisher = Drugs.com
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| | date = Revised 11/2006
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| | url = http://www.drugs.com/pro/chlorhexidine.html
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| | accessdate = 2007-10-08}}
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| Drugs.com state that this information comes directly from the FDA </ref>
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| It kills (is bactericidal to) both [[gram-positive]] and [[gram-negative]] [[microbe]]s, although it is less effective with some gram-negative microbes.
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| <ref> {{cite web
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| | title = THE MOST COMMON TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIALS
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| | work = Care of the umbilical cord
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| | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | date = 1998
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| | url = http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/MSM_98_4/MSM_98_4_annex.en.html
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| | accessdate = 2007-10-08}} </ref>
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| It is also [[bacteriostatic]].
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| The mechanism of action is believed to be membrane disruption, and not [[ATPase]] inactivation as previously thought.
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| Products containing chlorhexidine in high concentrations must be kept away from eyes (corneal ulcers) and the inner ear (deafness), although it is used in minute concentrations in some contact lens solutions.
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| ==Availability==
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| It is sometimes marketed under the brand names '''Peridex''', '''Periochip''', '''Periogard Oral Rinse'''. In the [[United Kingdom|UK]] it is sometimes marketed under the brand names '''Corsodyl''' or '''Chlorohex''', in [[Germany]] as '''Chlorhexamed''', in [[Australia]] as '''Savacol''', in Venezuela as '''Perioxidina''' and in some Central American countries as '''Clorexil'''.
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| In some countries it is available by [[Medical prescription|prescription]] only.
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| ==Dental applications==
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| It is often used as an active ingredient in [[mouthwash]] designed to kill [[dental plaque]] and other oral [[bacterium|bacteria]]. Chlorhexidine can thus be used to improve bad breath.<ref>http://www.freshbreath.ca/fbcpubs.html</ref>
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| Chlorhexidine based products are usually utilized to combat or prevent [[gum disease]]s such as [[gingivitis]]. According to Colgate [https://secure.colgateprofessional.com/app/ColgateProfessional/US/EN/Products/ProductItems/ColgatePerioGard/ProductSpecifics.cvsp], chlorhexidine gluconate has not been proven to reduce subgingivial calculus and in some studies actually increased deposits.
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| ==Deactivation==
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| Chlorhexidine is deactivated by [[anionic]] compounds, including the anionic [[surfactants]] commonly used as detergents in toothpastes and mouthwashes. For this reason, chlorhexidine mouth rinses should be used at least 30 minutes after other dental products.<ref name=Denton>Denton W , Chlorhexidine In: Sterilisation and Preservation 5th Edition, Block SS, eds. Lippincott Williams & Williams, Philadelphia, 2001; 321-36.</ref> For best effectiveness, food, drink, smoking, and mouth rinses should be avoided for at least one hour after use.
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| ==Non-dental applications==
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| Chlorhexidine is also used in non-dental applications, most notably under the [[brand name]]s '''Oronine''', '''Avagard''', '''Hibiclens''', '''Hibiscrub''', '''ChloraPrep''', '''BIOPATCH''', and '''Exidine'''. It is also a component of the famous household antiseptic '''Savlon'''. It is used for general [[skin]] cleansing, a surgical scrub and a pre-operative skin preparation. Due to other chemicals listed as inactive ingredients, the cleanser solution is not suitable for use as mouthwash. It is often used as a rubbing agent prior to the use of hypodermic or intravenous needles in place of [[iodine]]. Chlorhexidine is [[contraindicated]] for use near the [[meninges]], in the genital area, and near the eyes and ears. At the 2% concentration, it can cause serious and permanent injury on contact with the eye or if instilled through a perforated eardrum. As a scrub it is not recommended on persons under two months of age. It can be used also as [http://chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/CHLORHEXIDINE%20BASE.htm spermatocidal agent].
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| *[http://www.drugs.com/pro/chlorhexidine.html Drugs.com] states that this information comes directly from the [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]].
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| {{SIB}}
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| {{Periodontology}}
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| {{Stomatological preparations}}
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| {{Antiseptics and disinfectants}}
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| {{Medicated dressings}}
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| {{Throat preparations}}
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| {{Otologicals}}
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| [[Category:Antiseptics]]
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| [[Category:Guanidines]]
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| [[Category:Oral hygiene]]
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| <br>
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| [[bg:Хлорхексидин]]
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| [[da:Klorhexidin]]
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| [[de:Chlorhexidin]]
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| [[el:Χλωρεξιδίνη]]
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| [[es:Clorhexidina]]
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| [[fr:Chlorhexidine]]
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| [[it:Clorexidina]]
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| [[hu:Klórhexidin]]
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| [[nl:Chloorhexidinedigluconaat]]
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| [[ja:クロルヘキシジン]]
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| [[pl:Chlorheksydyna]]
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| [[pt:Gluconato de clorexidina]]
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| [[ro:Clorhexidină]]
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| [[ru:Хлоргексидин]]
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| [[zh:氯己定]]
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| {{jb1}}
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