Central pontine myelinolysis causes: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MMJ}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MMJ}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
<br />
The most common cause of central pontine myelinolysis is rapid correction(>48-hours duration) of [[hyponatremia]] in patients with the history of prolonged [[hyponatremia]]. Other causes of central pontine myelinolysis may include: Lengthened orthotopic [[liver transplantation]], [[hypophosphatemia]] secondary to [[refeeding syndrome]], deficiencies in neuronal/glial cell energy supply and utilization which produce [[glial cell]] [[apoptosis]] and thus the clinical syndrome of central pontine myelinolysis and prolonged [[ischemia]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
The most common cause of central pontine myelinolysis is rapid correction(>48-hours duration) of [[hyponatremia]] in patients with the history of prolonged [[hyponatremia]].
The most common cause of central pontine myelinolysis is rapid correction(>48-hours duration) of [[hyponatremia]] in patients with the history of prolonged [[hyponatremia]].<ref name="pmid29295827">{{cite journal| author=Seliger S, Kestenbaum B| title=Commentary on Treatment of Severe Hyponatremia. | journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2018 | volume= 13 | issue= 4 | pages= 650-651 | pmid=29295827 | doi=10.2215/CJN.13381217 | pmc=5969468 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29295827  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15300900">{{cite journal| author=Yu J, Zheng SS, Liang TB, Shen Y, Wang WL, Ke QH| title=Possible causes of central pontine myelinolysis after liver transplantation. | journal=World J Gastroenterol | year= 2004 | volume= 10 | issue= 17 | pages= 2540-3 | pmid=15300900 | doi=10.3748/wjg.v10.i17.2540 | pmc=4572157 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15300900  }} </ref>


Other causes of [disease name] may include:
Other causes of central pontine myelinolysis may include:<ref name="pmid20182780">{{cite journal| author=Norenberg MD| title=Central pontine myelinolysis: historical and mechanistic considerations. | journal=Metab Brain Dis | year= 2010 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 97-106 | pmid=20182780 | doi=10.1007/s11011-010-9175-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20182780  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26557081">{{cite journal| author=Yamashita C, Shigeto H, Maeda N, Torii T, Ohyagi Y, Kira J| title=A Case of Central Pontine Myelinolysis Caused by Hypophosphatemia Secondary to Refeeding Syndrome. | journal=Case Rep Neurol | year= 2015 | volume= 7 | issue= 3 | pages= 196-203 | pmid=26557081 | doi=10.1159/000440711 | pmc=4637517 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26557081  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11430268">{{cite journal| author=Ashrafian H, Davey P| title=A review of the causes of central pontine myelinosis: yet another apoptotic illness? | journal=Eur J Neurol | year= 2001 | volume= 8 | issue= 2 | pages= 103-9 | pmid=11430268 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11430268  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8324964">{{cite journal| author=Giannetti AV, Pittella JE| title=Ischemic and hemorrhagic necrosis of the pons with anatomical location similar to that of central pontine myelinolysis in a chronic alcoholic patient. | journal=Clin Neuropathol | year= 1993 | volume= 12 | issue= 3 | pages= 156-9 | pmid=8324964 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8324964  }} </ref>


*[Cause1]
*Lengthened orthotopic [[liver transplantation]]
*[Cause2]
*[[Hypophosphatemia]] secondary to [[refeeding syndrome]]
*[Cause3]
*Deficiencies in [[neuronal]]/[[Glial cells|glial cell]] energy supply and utilization which produce [[glial cell]] [[apoptosis]] and thus the clinical syndrome of central pontine myelinolysis
 
*Prolonged [[ischemia]]
 
OR
 
 
*[Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
*[Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
 
===Less Common Causes===
Less common causes of [disease name] include:
*[Cause1]
*[Cause2]
*[Cause3]
 
===Genetic Causes===
*[Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
 
===Causes by Organ System===
 
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}
 
 
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
* Cause 1
* Cause 2
* Cause 3
* Cause 4
* Cause 5
* Cause 6
* Cause 7
* Cause 8
* Cause 9
* Cause 10
</div>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 04:49, 18 August 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

The most common cause of central pontine myelinolysis is rapid correction(>48-hours duration) of hyponatremia in patients with the history of prolonged hyponatremia. Other causes of central pontine myelinolysis may include: Lengthened orthotopic liver transplantation, hypophosphatemia secondary to refeeding syndrome, deficiencies in neuronal/glial cell energy supply and utilization which produce glial cell apoptosis and thus the clinical syndrome of central pontine myelinolysis and prolonged ischemia.

Causes

Common Causes

The most common cause of central pontine myelinolysis is rapid correction(>48-hours duration) of hyponatremia in patients with the history of prolonged hyponatremia.[1][2]

Other causes of central pontine myelinolysis may include:[3][4][5][6]

References

  1. Seliger S, Kestenbaum B (2018). "Commentary on Treatment of Severe Hyponatremia". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 13 (4): 650–651. doi:10.2215/CJN.13381217. PMC 5969468. PMID 29295827.
  2. Yu J, Zheng SS, Liang TB, Shen Y, Wang WL, Ke QH (2004). "Possible causes of central pontine myelinolysis after liver transplantation". World J Gastroenterol. 10 (17): 2540–3. doi:10.3748/wjg.v10.i17.2540. PMC 4572157. PMID 15300900.
  3. Norenberg MD (2010). "Central pontine myelinolysis: historical and mechanistic considerations". Metab Brain Dis. 25 (1): 97–106. doi:10.1007/s11011-010-9175-0. PMID 20182780.
  4. Yamashita C, Shigeto H, Maeda N, Torii T, Ohyagi Y, Kira J (2015). "A Case of Central Pontine Myelinolysis Caused by Hypophosphatemia Secondary to Refeeding Syndrome". Case Rep Neurol. 7 (3): 196–203. doi:10.1159/000440711. PMC 4637517. PMID 26557081.
  5. Ashrafian H, Davey P (2001). "A review of the causes of central pontine myelinosis: yet another apoptotic illness?". Eur J Neurol. 8 (2): 103–9. PMID 11430268.
  6. Giannetti AV, Pittella JE (1993). "Ischemic and hemorrhagic necrosis of the pons with anatomical location similar to that of central pontine myelinolysis in a chronic alcoholic patient". Clin Neuropathol. 12 (3): 156–9. PMID 8324964.

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