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'''For patient information, click [[Central pontine myelinolysis (patient information)|here]]'''
__NOTOC__
[[Image: Pontine myelinolysis.jpg|thumb|Right|PX:400|Loss of myelinated fibers at the basilar part of the pons in the brainstem (Luxol-Fast blue stain)


{{Infobox_Disease
Source: Wikipedia: Jensflorian
| Name          = Central pontine myelinolysis
| Image          = Illu pituitary pineal glands.jpg
| Caption        = Pons labeled at bottom left
| DiseasesDB    = 2198
| ICD10          = {{ICD10|G|37|2|g|35}}
| ICD9          =
| ICDO          =
| OMIM          =
| MedlinePlus    = 000775
| MeshID        = D017590
}}
{{SI}}
{{CMG}}
{{SK}} CPM; osmotic demyelination syndrome; osmotic myelinolysis


==Overview==
<nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_pontine_myelinolysis#Pathophysiology</nowiki>]]
'''Central pontine myelinolysis''' is a neurologic disease caused by severe damage of the [[myelin sheath]] of [[neuron|nerve cells]] in the [[brainstem]], more precisely in the area termed the ''[[pons]]''.
{{Central pontine myelinolysis}}
'''For patient information, click [[Central pontine myelinolysis(patient information)|here]]'''


==Causes==
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MMJ}}
The most common cause is the rapid correction of low blood sodium levels ([[hyponatremia]]).


==Risk Factors==
{{SK}}
It has been postulated that the real cause might be the lack of a substance that is essential for brain activity and is lacking due to malnutrition.


The fact that this condition is most frequently observed in patients with general ill health ([[alcoholism]], [[cachexia]] etc.) is in accordance with this assumption. <ref>Adams RA, Victor M, Mancall EL. Central pontine myelinolysis: a hitherto undescribed disease occurring in alcoholics and malnourished patients. ''Arch Neurol Psychiatry.'' 1959;81:154–72.  PMID 13616772</ref>
==[[Central pontine myelinolysis overview|Overview]]==


==Diagnosis==
==[[Central pontine myelinolysis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
 
==[[Central pontine myelinolysis classification|Classification]]==
 
==[[Central pontine myelinolysis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
==[[Central pontine myelinolysis causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Central pontine myelinolysis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Central pontine myelinolysis from other Diseases]]==
 
==[[Central pontine myelinolysis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


===Symptoms===
==[[Central pontine myelinolysis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
Frequently observed symptoms in this disorder are sudden para or quadraparesis, dysphagia, dysarthria, [[double vision]] and [[coma|loss of consciousness]].  The patient may experience [[locked-in syndrome]] where cognitive function is intact, but all muscles are paralyzed with the exception of eye blinking.


===MRI===
==[[Central pontine myelinolysis screening|Screening]]==
Imaging by [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] demonstrates an area of high signal return on T2 weighted images.


==Treatment==
==[[Central pontine myelinolysis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
To avoid myelinolysis, the correction of hyponatremia should not exceed 1 mEq/L per hour. <ref>Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Norenberg MD. Rapid correction of hyponatremia causes demyelination: relation to central pontine myelinolysis. ''Science.'' 1981;211(4486):1068-70. PMID 7466381</ref><ref>Laureno R. Experimental pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis. ''Trans Am Neurol Assoc.'' 1980;105:354-8. PMID 7348981</ref>


== References ==
==Diagnosis==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Central pontine myelinolysis diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Central pontine myelinolysis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Central pontine myelinolysis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Central pontine myelinolysis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Central pontine myelinolysis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Central pontine myelinolysis x ray|X-Ray Findings]] | [[Central pontine myelinolysis echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] | [[Central pontine myelinolysis CT scan|CT-Scan Findings]] | [[Central pontine myelinolysis MRI|MRI Findings]] | [[Central pontine myelinolysis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Central pontine myelinolysis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


{{Diseases of the nervous system}}
==Treatment==
[[de:Zentrale pontine Myelinolyse]]
[[Central pontine myelinolysis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Central pontine myelinolysis interventions|Interventions]] | [[Central pontine myelinolysis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Central pontine myelinolysis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Central pontine myelinolysis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Central pontine myelinolysis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Central pontine myelinolysis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


{{WH}}
==Case Studies==
{{WS}}
[[Central pontine myelinolysis case study one|Case #1]]


[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category: (name of the system)]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
[[Category:Neurology]]

Revision as of 19:23, 23 December 2019

Loss of myelinated fibers at the basilar part of the pons in the brainstem (Luxol-Fast blue stain) Source: Wikipedia: Jensflorian https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_pontine_myelinolysis#Pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Synonyms and keywords:

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Central pontine myelinolysis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic study of choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X-Ray Findings | Echocardiography and Ultrasound | CT-Scan Findings | MRI Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Interventions | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

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Case #1

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