Cardiac tumors epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 20:03, 4 July 2022

Cardiac tumors Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. Dheeraj Makkar, M.D.[3]

Overview

The rates of primary and secondary cardiac tumors were 0.056 and 1.23 percent, respectively, as determined by autopsy. Lung, esophageal, and lymphoma metastases are the three most prevalent malignant neoplasms impacting the heart. Nearly 90% of primary cardiac tumors are benign. Extracardiac tumors are 20–40 times greater probable than primary cardiac tumors to cause secondary heart involvement. A primary intracardiac tumor may be responsible for less than 1 percent of cardiovascular fatalities.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

  • Prevalence in autopsy series: 1/300 to 1/5900
  • 80% of primary tumors are benign:
  • 1/2 (40%) are myxomas
  • 1/2 (40% ) are of other types

Benign Tumors of the Heart

Primary Malignant Tumors of the Heart

About 20 percent of primary tumors of the heart are malignant in nature.[1]

Tumors of the Valve

A subset of the primary tumors of the heart are tumors that are found on the valves of the heart.

  • Tumors that affect the valves of the heart are found in an equal distribution among the four heart valves.[2] The vast majority of these are papillary fibroelastomas.
    • Primary tumors of the valves of the heart are more likely to occur in males.
    • The primary tumors of the valves of the heart are mainly benign.
    • The symptoms related to the valve, include neurologic symptoms and (in a few cases) sudden cardiac death.

Secondary (Metastatic) Malignant Tumors of the Heart

  • 20 to 40x more common than primary cardiac tumors
  • Typically carcinomas, melanomas, and leukemias/lymphomas
  • Discrete tumors found in 10 to 12% of all autopsies
  • Any involvement of heart by a malignancy found in 20% of all autopsies

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Molina JE, Edwards JE, Ward HB (1990). "Primary cardiac tumors: Experience at the University of Minnesota". Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 38 Suppl 2: 183–91. PMID 2237900.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Edwards FH, Hale D, Cohen A, Thompson L, Pezzella AT, Virmani R. (1991). "Primary cardiac valve tumors". Ann Thorac Surg. 52 (5): 1127–31. PMID 1953134.