Buddenbrockia plumatellae

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Buddenbrockia plumatellae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
(unranked) Radiata
Phylum: Cnidaria
(unranked) Myxozoa
Class: Malacosporea
Genus: Buddenbrockia
Species: B. plumatellae
Binomial name
Buddenbrockia plumatellae
Schröder O., 1910
Synonyms

Tetracapsula bryozoides Canning, Okamura & Curry, 1996

Buddenbrokia plumatellae is a parasitic worm whose taxonomic placement long puzzled biologists. It is now classified as one of the only two myxozoans of class Malacosporea on the basis of both genetic and ultrastructural studies. It was the first multicellular myxozoan identified and its vermiform shape gave strong support to the theory that the enigmatic group belongs among the Bilateria.[1][2] Five years later, this was refuted by a study of fifty genes from this same "worm", which had rarely been even seen since its discovery in 1851.[3] The genes resemble those of jellyfish and sea anemones, typical members of a more primitive animal group, the Radiata.[4] One of the researchers talked about the problems encountered studying its morphology: “It has no mouth, no gut, no brain and no nerve cord. It doesn’t have a left or right side or a top or bottom – we can’t even tell which end is the front!” Because the myxozoans are so different from their nearest relatives, he concluded that “the worm-like body shape evolved at least twice from two completely different kinds of animal.”[3]

References

  1. Okamura, B. (2002). "Ultrastructure of Buddenbrockia identifies it as a myxozoan and verifies the bilaterian origin of the Myxozoa". Parasitology. 124 (02): 215–223. doi:10.1017/S0031182001001184. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Montiero, Ana Sara (2002). "Orphan Worm Finds a Home: Buddenbrockia is a Myxozoan". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 19: 968–971. Retrieved 2007-02-07. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
  3. 3.0 3.1 "When is a worm not a worm? When it's a jellyfish". The Oxford Trust. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  4. E. Jiménez-Guri, H. Philippe, B. Okamura & P.W.H. Holland (6 Jul 2007). "Buddenbrockia Is a Cnidarian Worm". 317 (5834): 116–118. doi:10.1126/science.1142024. Unknown parameter |jorunal= ignored (help)



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