Ascariasis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 20:28, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Ascariasis is a globally occurring helminthic infection of humans.^[1] It is more common in tropical areas of the world and predominantly affects the pediatric age group.^[2]

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

Ascariasis occur globally and it is the most common helminthic infection of humans.^[1] Ascariasis affects at least 1 billion people worldwide and about 4 million people in the United States.^[2]

Age

Ascariasis occur in all age groups but it is more common in the pediatric age group (ages 2-10 years).^[2]

Sex

Males and females are equally affected.

Race

Ascariasis is three times more common in African-Americans compared to Caucasians.^[2]

Geographic Distribution

Ascariasis occurs worldwide although it is more common in tropical regions of the world compared to the temperate regions (the environmental conditions are optimal for the development of the ova in the soil).^[1]^[3] The majority of people at risk for infection (71% of persons) live in Asia and the Western pacific region.^[2]^[3] 22% of persons at risk for infection live in Africa and the Middle East, and 11% of persons at risk for infection live in Latin America.^[3] In the US, the majority of the infection occur in the rural southeastern part of the country and it is often associated with poor sanitation.^[2]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Kliegman, Robert; Stanton, Bonita; St. Geme, Joseph; Schor, Nina (2016). "Chapter 291:Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides)". Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Twentieth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1733–1734. ISBN 978-1-4557-7566-8.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Ferri, Fred (2017). "Chapter:Ascariasis". Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017. Elsevier. pp. 117–117. ISBN 978-0-3232-8048-8.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[Nelson_Textbook_of_Pediatrics-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Kliegman, Robert; Stanton, Bonita; St. Geme, Joseph; Schor, Nina (2016). "Chapter 291:Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides)". Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Twentieth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1733–1734. ISBN 978-1-4557-7566-8.

[Ferri's_Clinical_Advisor-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Ferri, Fred (2017). "Chapter:Ascariasis". Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017. Elsevier. pp. 117–117. ISBN 978-0-3232-8048-8.

[Principles_and_Practice-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+__NOTOC__
 {{Ascariasis}}
-{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' Imtiaz Ahmed Wani, [[M.B.B.S]]
+{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{FB}}
 ==Overview==
-Roughly 1.5 billion individuals are infected with this worm, primarily in Africa and Asia.{{ref|1}} Ascariasis is endemic in the United States including Gulf Coast; in Nigeria and in Southeast Asia. One study indicated that the prevalence of ascariasis in the United States at about 4 million (2%) [8]. In a survey of a rural Nova Scotia community, 28.1% of 431 individuals tested were positive for Ascaris, all of them being under age 20, while all 276 tested in metropolitan Halifax were negative{{ref|2}}.
+Ascariasis is a globally occurring helminthic infection of humans.<ref name="Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics">Kliegman, Robert; Stanton, Bonita; St. Geme, Joseph; Schor, Nina (2016). "Chapter 291:Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides)". Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Twentieth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1733–1734. ISBN 978-1-4557-7566-8.</ref> It is more common in tropical areas of the world and predominantly affects the pediatric age group.<ref name="Ferri's Clinical Advisor">Ferri, Fred (2017). "Chapter:Ascariasis". Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017. Elsevier. pp. 117–117. ISBN 978-0-3232-8048-8.</ref>
-Ascariasis occurs in people of all ages, though children are affected more severely than adults.
-Deposition of [[ovum|ova]] (eggs) in sewage hints at the degree of ascariasis incidence. A 1978 study showed about 75% of all sewage sludge samples sampled in United States urban catchments contained Ascaris ova, with rates as high as 5 to 100 eggs per litre. In Frankfort, Indiana, 87.5% of the sludge samples were positive with Ascaris, [[Toxocara]], [[trichinosis|Trichuris]], and[[hookworm]]. In Macon, Georgia, one of the 13 soil samples tested positive for Ascaris. Municipal wastewater in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia detected over 100 eggs per litre of wastewater {{ref|3}} and in Czechoslovakia was as high as 240-1050 eggs per litre{{ref|4}}.
+==Epidemiology and Demographics==
+===Prevalence===
+Ascariasis occur globally and it is the most common helminthic infection of humans.<ref name="Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics">Kliegman, Robert; Stanton, Bonita; St. Geme, Joseph; Schor, Nina (2016). "Chapter 291:Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides)". Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Twentieth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1733–1734. ISBN 978-1-4557-7566-8.</ref> Ascariasis affects at least 1 billion people worldwide and about 4 million people in the United States.<ref name="Ferri's Clinical Advisor">Ferri, Fred (2017). "Chapter:Ascariasis". Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017. Elsevier. pp. 117–117. ISBN 978-0-3232-8048-8.</ref>
-Ascariasis  can often be measured by examining food for ova. In one field study in Marrakech, Morocco, where raw sewage is used to fertilize crop fields, Ascaris eggs were detected at the rate of 0.18 eggs/kg in potatoes, 0.27 eggs/kg in turnip, 4.63 eggs/kg in mint, 0.7 eggs/kg in carrots, and 1.64 eggs/kg in radish{{ref|5}}. A similar study in the same area showed that 73% of children working on these farms were infected with [[helminth]]s, particularly Ascaris, probably as a result of exposure to the raw sewage.
+===Age===
+Ascariasis occur in all age groups but it is more common in the pediatric age group (ages 2-10 years).<ref name="Ferri's Clinical Advisor">Ferri, Fred (2017). "Chapter:Ascariasis". Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017. Elsevier. pp. 117–117. ISBN 978-0-3232-8048-8.</ref>
+===Sex===
+Males and females are equally affected.
+===Race===
+Ascariasis is three times more common in African-Americans compared to Caucasians.<ref name="Ferri's Clinical Advisor">Ferri, Fred (2017). "Chapter:Ascariasis". Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017. Elsevier. pp. 117–117. ISBN 978-0-3232-8048-8.</ref>
+===Geographic Distribution===
+Ascariasis occurs worldwide although it is more common in tropical regions of the world compared to the temperate regions (the environmental conditions are optimal for the development of the [[ova]] in the soil).<ref name="Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics">Kliegman, Robert; Stanton, Bonita; St. Geme, Joseph; Schor, Nina (2016). "Chapter 291:Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides)". Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Twentieth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1733–1734. ISBN 978-1-4557-7566-8.</ref><ref name="Principles and Practice">Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.</ref> The majority of people at risk for infection (71% of persons) live in Asia and the Western pacific region.<ref name="Ferri's Clinical Advisor">Ferri, Fred (2017) "Chapter:Ascariasis". Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017. Elsevier. pp. 117–117. ISBN 978-0-3232-8048-8.</ref><ref name="Principles and Practice">Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.</ref> 22% of persons at risk for infection live in Africa and the Middle East, and 11% of persons at risk for infection live in Latin America.<ref name="Principles and Practice">Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.</ref>  In the US, the majority of the infection occur in the rural southeastern part of the country and it is often associated with poor sanitation.<ref name="Ferri's Clinical Advisor">Ferri, Fred (2017). "Chapter:Ascariasis". Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017. Elsevier. pp. 117–117. ISBN 978-0-3232-8048-8.</ref>
 ==References==
 {{reflist|2}}
-{{Helminthiases}}
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+{{WikiDoc Sources}}
-[[de:Spulwurm]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
-[[es:Ascaris lumbricoides]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
-[[fr:Ascaridiose]]
+[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
-[[hu:Orsóférgek]]
+[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
-[[io:Askaridiko]]
-[[id:Askariasis]]
-[[it:Ascaridiasi]]
-[[ja:回虫]]
-[[nl:Spoelworm]]
-[[ps:اسکاريس لومبريکويډېس]]
-[[pt:Ascaridíase]]
-[[sk:Hlísta detská]]
-[[zh:蛔虫病]]
-[[Category:Parasitic diseases]]
-[[Category:Foodborne illnesses]]
-[[Category:Neglected diseases]]
-[[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]]
 [[Category:Infectious disease]]
-[[Category: Overview complete]]
-[[pl:Glistnica]]
-[[tr:Bağırsak solucanı]]
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