Ankle pain and swelling: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 15: Line 15:
{{SI}}
{{SI}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}
'''Contributors:'''  [[User:zorkun|Cafer Zorkun]] M.D., PhD.


{{EH}}
{{EH}}


== Overview ==
== Overview ==
* Common problem that occurs secondary to a chronic or an acute injury or degenerative disease.
* Common problem that occurs secondary to a chronic or an acute injury or degenerative disease.
* Ankle sprains are the most common cause of ankle pain.
* Ankle sprains are the most common cause of ankle pain.

Revision as of 21:14, 22 April 2009

Ankle pain and swelling
Normal ankle; Lateral view.
Image courtesy of RadsWiki

WikiDoc Resources for Ankle pain and swelling

Articles

Most recent articles on Ankle pain and swelling

Most cited articles on Ankle pain and swelling

Review articles on Ankle pain and swelling

Articles on Ankle pain and swelling in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Ankle pain and swelling

Images of Ankle pain and swelling

Photos of Ankle pain and swelling

Podcasts & MP3s on Ankle pain and swelling

Videos on Ankle pain and swelling

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Ankle pain and swelling

Bandolier on Ankle pain and swelling

TRIP on Ankle pain and swelling

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Ankle pain and swelling at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Ankle pain and swelling

Clinical Trials on Ankle pain and swelling at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Ankle pain and swelling

NICE Guidance on Ankle pain and swelling

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Ankle pain and swelling

CDC on Ankle pain and swelling

Books

Books on Ankle pain and swelling

News

Ankle pain and swelling in the news

Be alerted to news on Ankle pain and swelling

News trends on Ankle pain and swelling

Commentary

Blogs on Ankle pain and swelling

Definitions

Definitions of Ankle pain and swelling

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Ankle pain and swelling

Discussion groups on Ankle pain and swelling

Patient Handouts on Ankle pain and swelling

Directions to Hospitals Treating Ankle pain and swelling

Risk calculators and risk factors for Ankle pain and swelling

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Ankle pain and swelling

Causes & Risk Factors for Ankle pain and swelling

Diagnostic studies for Ankle pain and swelling

Treatment of Ankle pain and swelling

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Ankle pain and swelling

International

Ankle pain and swelling en Espanol

Ankle pain and swelling en Francais

Business

Ankle pain and swelling in the Marketplace

Patents on Ankle pain and swelling

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Ankle pain and swelling

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Contributors: Cafer Zorkun M.D., PhD.

Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.

Overview

  • Common problem that occurs secondary to a chronic or an acute injury or degenerative disease.
  • Ankle sprains are the most common cause of ankle pain.
    • Ankle sprain are generally a traumatic inversion injury
  • Bilateral ankle swelling can be indicative of cardiac or vascular etiologies rather than intrinsic foot/ankle disease

Differential Diagnosis

  • Avulsion fracture of the distal fibula
  • Bimalleolar fracture
  • Degenerative joint disease
  • Diabetic arthropathy (Charcot's)
  • Inversion sprain
  • Inversion/eversion injury of subtalar joint
  • Neoplasm
  • Peroneal nerve entrapment
  • Poor shoe alignment
  • Repetitive injury with disruption of the ankle retinaculum
  • Syndesmosis injury
  • Trimalleolar fracture

Physical Examination

  • Complete physical including ankle, foot, lower leg examination
  • Pulses
  • Neurovascular status
  • Color
  • Capillary refill

X-Ray

  • Ottawa ankle rules determine necessity of ankle x-ray following trauma
    1. Tender proximal fifth metatarsal
    2. Tenderness of distal 6 cm of the fibula or tibia
    3. Tender navicular area
    4. Cannot bear weight (at least 4 steps)
  • Lateral x-rays if needed
  • Three-view ankle x-rays
  • Stress views
  • Foot series
  • Lower leg series

Images courtesy of RadsWiki

MRI and CT

  • CT and MRI if indicated

Other Diagnostic Studies

  • Anterior/posterior drawer test
  • Range of motion and muscle strength

Treatment

Mnemonics for treatment of ancle pain and swelling.

  • PRINCE
    • Protection
    • Rest
    • Ice
    • NSAIDs (nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs)
    • Compression
    • Elevation
  • Casting if necessary
  • To improve range of motion and muscle strength, physical therapy is often recommended

Surgery and Device Based Therapy

  • Bracing ankle/foot may prevent reinjury
  • Surgery may be necessary for certain fractures

References

Acknowledgements

The content on this page was first contributed by Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3]

Template:SIB


Template:WS