Alcohol withdrawal epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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{{Alcohol withdrawal}}
{{Alcohol withdrawal}}
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]].'''
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SHA}} {{ADI}}; {{KS}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ADI}}; {{KS}}
==Overview==
The incidence of [[alcohol]] dependence is approximately 8 million individuals, annually, in the United States, and about 50% of them experience [[alcohol]] withdrawal symptoms with decreased or discontinuation of [[alcohol]] consumption. [[Alcohol]] withdrawal is rare in patients <30 years old, and the severity increases with more age. 5% of patients with [[alcohol]] withdrawal will present with severe [[alcohol]] withdrawal symptoms including [[seizures]] and [[Delirium tremens|delirium tremens (DT)]]. 5% of patients with [[alcohol]] withdrawal and [[Delirium tremens|delirium tremens (DT)]] die from various [[complications]].


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Incidence===
* The incidence of [[alcohol]] dependence is approximately 8 million individuals, annually, in the United States, and about 50% of them experience [[alcohol]] withdrawal symptoms with decreased or discontinuation of [[alcohol]] consumption.<ref name="pmid19168210">{{cite journal| author=Schuckit MA| title=Alcohol-use disorders. | journal=Lancet | year= 2009 | volume= 373 | issue= 9662 | pages= 492-501 | pmid=19168210 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60009-X | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19168210  }} </ref><ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>
===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
The prevalence of alcohol withdrawal is:
* The prevalence of [[alcohol]] withdrawal is approximately 50% of middle-class individuals with [[alcohol use disorder]].
* Approximately 50,000 per 100,000 (50%) in highly functional middle class.
* The prevalence of [[alcohol]] withdrawal is approximately 80% of hospitalized or homeless individuals with [[alcohol use disorder]].<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>
* > 80,000 per 100,000 (>80%) in hospitalized or homeless<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>
 
 


* [[Alcohol abuse]] or dependence afflicts up to 15 million persons in the United States. It accounts for 100,000 deaths and an economic burden of over 100 billion dollars per year.   The lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse is approximately 14% and of alcohol dependence is 8%.  Approximately 500,000 patients/year develop withdrawal that is severe enough to prompt pharmacologic management.
===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
* 5% of patients with [[alcohol]] withdrawal will present with severe [[alcohol]] withdrawal symptoms including [[seizures]] and [[Delirium tremens|delirium tremens (DT)]].<ref name="pmid25427113">{{cite journal| author=Schuckit MA| title=Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens). | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2014 | volume= 371 | issue= 22 | pages= 2109-13 | pmid=25427113 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1407298 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25427113  }} </ref> 5% of patients with [[alcohol]] withdrawal and [[Delirium tremens|delirium tremens (DT)]] die from various [[complications]] such as [[cardiovascular]], [[metabolic]], [[infections]], and [[trauma]].<ref name="pmid13134661">{{cite journal| author=VICTOR M, ADAMS RD| title=The effect of alcohol on the nervous system. | journal=Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis | year= 1953 | volume= 32 | issue=  | pages= 526-73 | pmid=13134661 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13134661 }} </ref><ref name="pmid5858249">{{cite journal| author=Cutshall BJ| title=The Saunderssutton syndrome: an analysis of delirium tremens. | journal=Q J Stud Alcohol | year= 1965 | volume= 26 | issue= 3 | pages= 423-48 | pmid=5858249 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=5858249  }} </ref>


* Between 13% and 71% of persons admitted for alcohol detoxification have evidence of alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
===Age===
* [[Alcohol]] withdrawal is rare in patients <30 years old, and the severity increases with more age.<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>


* Approximately 3% of [[chronic alcoholics]] develop withdrawal [[seizures]]. Five percent of patients with alcohol withdrawal develop [[delirium tremens]] (DTs), which is associated with a mortality of approximately 5%.
===Gender===
* It is estimated that about 20% of men and 10% of women have [[alcohol use disorder]], and in about half of them [[alcohol]] withdrawal symptoms will be observed with a decrease in [[alcohol]] intake.<ref name="pmid19168210">{{cite journal| author=Schuckit MA| title=Alcohol-use disorders. | journal=Lancet | year= 2009 | volume= 373 | issue= 9662 | pages= 492-501 | pmid=19168210 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60009-X | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19168210  }} </ref><ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Toxicology]]
[[Category:Toxicology]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Primary care]]

Latest revision as of 18:43, 23 November 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[2] Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [3]; Kiran Singh, M.D. [4]

Overview

The incidence of alcohol dependence is approximately 8 million individuals, annually, in the United States, and about 50% of them experience alcohol withdrawal symptoms with decreased or discontinuation of alcohol consumption. Alcohol withdrawal is rare in patients <30 years old, and the severity increases with more age. 5% of patients with alcohol withdrawal will present with severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms including seizures and delirium tremens (DT). 5% of patients with alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens (DT) die from various complications.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

  • The incidence of alcohol dependence is approximately 8 million individuals, annually, in the United States, and about 50% of them experience alcohol withdrawal symptoms with decreased or discontinuation of alcohol consumption.[1][2]

Prevalence

Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate

Age

  • Alcohol withdrawal is rare in patients <30 years old, and the severity increases with more age.[2]

Gender

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Schuckit MA (2009). "Alcohol-use disorders". Lancet. 373 (9662): 492–501. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60009-X. PMID 19168210.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
  3. ↑ Schuckit MA (2014). "Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens)". N Engl J Med. 371 (22): 2109–13. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1407298. PMID 25427113.
  4. ↑ VICTOR M, ADAMS RD (1953). "The effect of alcohol on the nervous system". Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis. 32: 526–73. PMID 13134661.
  5. ↑ Cutshall BJ (1965). "The Saunderssutton syndrome: an analysis of delirium tremens". Q J Stud Alcohol. 26 (3): 423–48. PMID 5858249.
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