Adult T-cell leukemia laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]; Grammar Reviewer: Natalie Harpenau, B.S.[3]

Overview

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of adult T-cell leukemia include abnormal anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated lymphocyte count. Hypercalcemia is a key feature among patients with adult T-cell leukemia.

Laboratory Findings

The following laboratory abnormalities may be observed in patients suffering from adult T-cell leukemia:

Complete Blood Count

• Anemia
• Thrombocytopenia
• Elevated lymphocyte count

Basic Metabolic Panel

• Hypercalcemia

Peripheral Smear

• Characteristic leukemia cells with sharp nuclear indentations and a prominent nucleoli
• "Cloverleaf" or "flower" cells

Antibody Titres

• Detects antibodies present against HTLV antigens

Immunohistochemistry

• Adult T-cell leukemia cells are typically CD2, CD4, CD5, and CD8 positive.