Adrenal metastases

WikiDoc Resources for Adrenal metastases
Articles
Most recent articles on Adrenal metastases Most cited articles on Adrenal metastases Review articles on Adrenal metastases Articles on Adrenal metastases in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Adrenal metastases Images of Adrenal metastases Photos of Adrenal metastases Podcasts & MP3s on Adrenal metastases Videos on Adrenal metastases
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Adrenal metastases Bandolier on Adrenal metastases TRIP on Adrenal metastases
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Adrenal metastases at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Adrenal metastases Clinical Trials on Adrenal metastases at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Adrenal metastases NICE Guidance on Adrenal metastases NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Adrenal metastases CDC on Adrenal metastases
Books
Books on Adrenal metastases
News
Adrenal metastases in the news Be alerted to news on Adrenal metastases News trends on Adrenal metastases
Commentary
Blogs on Adrenal metastases
Definitions
Definitions of Adrenal metastases
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Adrenal metastases Discussion groups on Adrenal metastases Patient Handouts on Adrenal metastases Directions to Hospitals Treating Adrenal metastases Risk calculators and risk factors for Adrenal metastases
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Adrenal metastases Causes & Risk Factors for Adrenal metastases Diagnostic studies for Adrenal metastases Treatment of Adrenal metastases
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Adrenal metastases
International
Adrenal metastases en Espanol Adrenal metastases en Francais
Business
Adrenal metastases in the Marketplace Patents on Adrenal metastases
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Adrenal metastases

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Synonym 1; Synonym 2; Synonym 3

Classification

• [Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:

• [group1]
• [group2]
• [group3]

• Other variants of [disease name] include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].

Pathophysiology

• The pathogenesis of adrenal metastases is characterized by metastases from renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and lymphoma.
• The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
• On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
• On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Causes

• [Disease name] may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
• [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or [gene3] gene[s].
• There are no established causes for [disease name].

Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases

• [Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3],

such as:

• [Differential dx1]
• [Differential dx2]
• [Differential dx3]

Epidemiology and Demographics

• The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
• In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
• Adrenal metastases are thought to be present in up to 27% of patients with known malignant epithelial tumours at autopsy.

Age

• Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
• [Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
• [Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].

Gender

• [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
• [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2].
• The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.

Race

• There is no racial predilection for [disease name].
• [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
• [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].

Risk Factors

• Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

• The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
• Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
• If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
• Most common complication of adrenal metastases is central necrosis with adrenal hemorrhage.
• Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

• The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:

• [criterion 1]
• [criterion 2]
• [criterion 3]
• [criterion 4]

Symptoms

• Symptoms of adrenal metastases may include the following:

• Dizziness
• Faintness
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Weight loss

Physical Examination

• Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
• Physical examination may be remarkable for:

• [finding 1]
• [finding 2]
• [finding 3]
• [finding 4]
• [finding 5]
• [finding 6]

Laboratory Findings

• There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
• A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
• An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
• Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

===Imaging Findings===.

• CT is the imaging modality of choice for adrenal metastases.
• On CT, adrenal metastases may demonstrate less than 50% washout.
• On MRI, adrenal metastases may demonstrate:

• T1: usually exhibit low signal intensity
• T2: usually exhibit high signal intensity
• T1 C+ (Gd): usually has progressive enhancement after administration of contrast material

Other Diagnostic Studies

• [Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
• Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Treatment

Medical Therapy

• There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
• The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
• [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
• Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].

Surgery

• Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
• [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
• [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].

Prevention

• There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease

name].

• Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
• Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followedup every [duration]. Followup testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].