Acute retinal necrosis classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Acute retinal necrosis may be classified both by duration of symptoms into acute or late, or by severity: mild or fulminant.
Classification
- Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) may be classified by duration of symptoms as follows:[1]
- Acute stage: Occurs at onset of disease and usually progresses past acute classification after a few weeks
- Presents with coalescence of white, necrotic tissue in the peripheral retina
- Vaso-occlusive retinal vasculitis is usually present
- Optic nerve head of the affected eye will appear swollen, but the posterior pole will usually not be affected
- Late stage: Is the natural progression of the disease and will present differentiating characteristics after a few weeks up to a few months
- Characterized by a regression of the coalesced necrosis in the peripheral retina, presenting starkly contrasted necrotic/non-necrotic tissue, mild pigmentation scarring, and increased vitreous debris
- Retinal detachment, severe vision loss, and potentially blindness in the affected eye
- If the infection is bilateral, the second eye will usually present signs of ARN in the weeks and months following the initial symptom manifestation in the first eye
- Acute stage: Occurs at onset of disease and usually progresses past acute classification after a few weeks
- Acute retinal necrosis can also be classified by severity as follows:[2]
- Mild: Used to characterize ARN that is stable and non-progressive
- There is usually no sign of retinal detachment.
- Fulminant: ARN that is progressive and will usually lead to retinal detachment and further complications if left untreated
- Mild: Used to characterize ARN that is stable and non-progressive
References
- ↑ Gartry DS, Spalton DJ, Tilzey A, Hykin PG (1991). "Acute retinal necrosis syndrome". Br J Ophthalmol. 75 (5): 292–7. PMC 1042358. PMID 1645179.
- ↑ Brydak-Godowska J, Borkowski P, Szczepanik S, Moneta-Wielgoś J, Kęcik D (2014). "Clinical manifestation of self-limiting acute retinal necrosis". Med. Sci. Monit. 20: 2088–96. doi:10.12659/MSM.890469. PMC 4226315. PMID 25356955.