AKR1C4

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Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C4 (chlordecone reductase; 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type I; dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 4)
PDB rendering based on 2fvl.
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: Template:Homologene2PDBe PDBe, Template:Homologene2uniprot RCSB
Identifiers
Symbols AKR1C4 ; CDR; 3-alpha-HSD; C11; CHDR; DD4; HAKRA; MGC22581
External IDs Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene79480
RNA expression pattern
File:PBB GE AKR1C4 211653 x at tn.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species Human Mouse
Entrez n/a n/a
Ensembl n/a n/a
UniProt n/a n/a
RefSeq (mRNA) n/a n/a
RefSeq (protein) n/a n/a
Location (UCSC) n/a n/a
PubMed search n/a n/a

Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C4 (chlordecone reductase; 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type I; dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 4), also known as AKR1C4, is a human gene.[1]

This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. These enzymes catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols by utilizing NADH and/or NADPH as cofactors. The enzymes display overlapping but distinct substrate specificity. This enzyme catalyzes the bioreduction of chlordecone, a toxic organochlorine pesticide, to chlordecone alcohol in liver. This gene shares high sequence identity with three other gene members and is clustered with those three genes at chromosome 10p15-p14.[1]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: AKR1C4 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C4 (chlordecone reductase; 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type I; dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 4)".

Further reading

  • Binstock JM, Iyer RB, Hamby CV; et al. (1992). "Human hepatic 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: possible identity with human hepatic chlordecone reductase". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 187 (2): 760–6. PMID 1530633.
  • Winters CJ, Molowa DT, Guzelian PS (1990). "Isolation and characterization of cloned cDNAs encoding human liver chlordecone reductase". Biochemistry. 29 (4): 1080–7. PMID 2187532.
  • Khanna M, Qin KN, Cheng KC (1995). "Distribution of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat brain and molecular cloning of multiple cDNAs encoding structurally related proteins in humans". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 53 (1–6): 41–6. PMID 7626489.
  • Khanna M, Qin KN, Wang RW, Cheng KC (1995). "Substrate specificity, gene structure, and tissue-specific distribution of multiple human 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (34): 20162–8. PMID 7650035.
  • Khanna M, Qin KN, Klisak I; et al. (1995). "Localization of multiple human dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DDH1 and DDH2) and chlordecone reductase (CHDR) genes in chromosome 10 by the polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics. 25 (2): 588–90. PMID 7789999.
  • Deyashiki Y, Ogasawara A, Nakayama T; et al. (1994). "Molecular cloning of two human liver 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid/dihydrodiol dehydrogenase isoenzymes that are identical with chlordecone reductase and bile-acid binder". Biochem. J. 299 ( Pt 2): 545–52. PMID 8172617.
  • Qin KN, New MI, Cheng KC (1994). "Molecular cloning of multiple cDNAs encoding human enzymes structurally related to 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 46 (6): 673–9. PMID 8274401.
  • Kume T, Iwasa H, Shiraishi H; et al. (2000). "Characterization of a novel variant (S145C/L311V) of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid/dihydrodiol dehydrogenase in human liver". Pharmacogenetics. 9 (6): 763–71. PMID 10634139.
  • Nishizawa M, Nakajima T, Yasuda K; et al. (2000). "Close kinship of human 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene with three aldo-keto reductase genes". Genes Cells. 5 (2): 111–25. PMID 10672042.
  • Dufort I, Labrie F, Luu-The V (2001). "Human types 1 and 3 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: differential lability and tissue distribution". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86 (2): 841–6. PMID 11158055.
  • Ozeki T, Takahashi Y, Kume T; et al. (2001). "Co-operative regulation of the transcription of human dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD)4/aldo-keto reductase (AKR)1C4 gene by hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4alpha/gamma and HNF-1alpha". Biochem. J. 355 (Pt 2): 537–44. PMID 11284743.
  • Ozeki T, Takahashi Y, Nakayama K, Kamataki T (2002). "Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4 alpha/gamma, HNF-1 alpha, and vHNF-1 regulate the cell-specific expression of the human dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD)4/AKR1C4 gene". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 405 (2): 185–90. PMID 12220531.
  • Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.
  • Ozeki T, Takahashi Y, Nakayama K; et al. (2003). "Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha/gamma and hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha as causal factors of interindividual difference in the expression of human dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 4 mRNA in human livers". Pharmacogenetics. 13 (1): 49–53. PMID 12544512.
  • Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV; et al. (2004). "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10". Nature. 429 (6990): 375–81. doi:10.1038/nature02462. PMID 15164054.
  • Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334.
  • Schüle C, Romeo E, Uzunov DP; et al. (2006). "Influence of mirtazapine on plasma concentrations of neuroactive steroids in major depression and on 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity". Mol. Psychiatry. 11 (3): 261–72. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001782. PMID 16344854.

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