NAPA (gene)

N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein, alpha
Identifiers
Symbols	NAPA ; SNAPA
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 2839
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
File:PBB GE NAPA 206491 s at tn.png
File:PBB GE NAPA 208751 at tn.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein, alpha, also known as NAPA, is a human gene.

The 'SNARE hypothesis' is a model explaining the process of docking and fusion of vesicles to their target membranes. According to this model, membrane proteins from the vesicle (v-SNAREs) and proteins from the target membrane (t-SNAREs) govern the specificity of vesicle targeting and docking through mutual recognition. Once the 2 classes of SNAREs bind to each other, they form a complex that recruits the general elements of the fusion apparatus, namely NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) and SNAPs (soluble NSF-attachment proteins), to the site of membrane fusion, thereby forming the 20S fusion complex. Alpha- and gamma-SNAP are found in a wide range of tissues and act synergistically in intra-Golgi transport. The sequence of the predicted 295-amino acid human protein encoded by NAPA shares 37%, 60%, and 67% identity with the sequences of yeast, Drosophila, and squid alpha-SNAP, respectively. Platelets contain some of the same proteins, including NSF, p115/TAP, alpha-SNAP, gamma-SNAP, and the t-SNAREs syntaxin-2 and syntaxin-4, that are used in many vesicular transport processes in other cell types. Platelet exocytosis uses a molecular mechanism similar to that used by other secretory cells, such as neurons, although the proteins used by the platelet and their modes of regulation may be quite different.

Further reading

• Wilson DW, Whiteheart SW, Wiedmann M; et al. (1992). "A multisubunit particle implicated in membrane fusion". J. Cell Biol. 117 (3): 531–8. PMID 1315316.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Whiteheart SW, Brunner M, Wilson DW; et al. (1992). "Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion attachment proteins (SNAPs) bind to a multi-SNAP receptor complex in Golgi membranes". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (17): 12239–43. PMID 1601890.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hanson PI, Otto H, Barton N, Jahn R (1995). "The N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein and alpha-SNAP induce a conformational change in syntaxin". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (28): 16955–61. PMID 7622514.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Whiteheart SW, Griff IC, Brunner M; et al. (1993). "SNAP family of NSF attachment proteins includes a brain-specific isoform". Nature. 362 (6418): 353–5. doi:10.1038/362353a0. PMID 8455721.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Timmers KI, Clark AE, Omatsu-Kanbe M; et al. (1997). "Identification of SNAP receptors in rat adipose cell membrane fractions and in SNARE complexes co-immunoprecipitated with epitope-tagged N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein". Biochem. J. 320 ( Pt 2): 429–36. PMID 8973549.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Lemons PP, Chen D, Bernstein AM; et al. (1997). "Regulated secretion in platelets: identification of elements of the platelet exocytosis machinery". Blood. 90 (4): 1490–500. PMID 9269766.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Subramaniam VN, Loh E, Hong W (1997). "N-Ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) and alpha-soluble NSF attachment proteins (SNAP) mediate dissociation of GS28-syntaxin 5 Golgi SNAP receptors (SNARE) complex". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (41): 25441–4. PMID 9325254.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Lowe SL, Peter F, Subramaniam VN; et al. (1997). "A SNARE involved in protein transport through the Golgi apparatus". Nature. 389 (6653): 881–4. doi:10.1038/39923. PMID 9349823.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Barnard RJ, Morgan A, Burgoyne RD (1997). "Stimulation of NSF ATPase activity by alpha-SNAP is required for SNARE complex disassembly and exocytosis". J. Cell Biol. 139 (4): 875–83. PMID 9362506.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Wong SH, Xu Y, Zhang T, Hong W (1998). "Syntaxin 7, a novel syntaxin member associated with the early endosomal compartment". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1): 375–80. PMID 9417091.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Tang BL, Tan AE, Lim LK; et al. (1998). "Syntaxin 12, a member of the syntaxin family localized to the endosome". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (12): 6944–50. PMID 9507000.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Wong SH, Zhang T, Xu Y; et al. (1998). "Endobrevin, a novel synaptobrevin/VAMP-like protein preferentially associated with the early endosome". Mol. Biol. Cell. 9 (6): 1549–63. PMID 9614193.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Osten P, Srivastava S, Inman GJ; et al. (1998). "The AMPA receptor GluR2 C terminus can mediate a reversible, ATP-dependent interaction with NSF and alpha- and beta-SNAPs". Neuron. 21 (1): 99–110. PMID 9697855.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Prekeris R, Klumperman J, Chen YA, Scheller RH (1998). "Syntaxin 13 mediates cycling of plasma membrane proteins via tubulovesicular recycling endosomes". J. Cell Biol. 143 (4): 957–71. PMID 9817754.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Nagamatsu S, Watanabe T, Nakamichi Y; et al. (1999). "alpha-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein is expressed in pancreatic beta cells and functions in insulin but not gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (12): 8053–60. PMID 10075705.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Subramaniam VN, Loh E, Horstmann H; et al. (2000). "Preferential association of syntaxin 8 with the early endosome". J. Cell. Sci. 113 ( Pt 6): 997–1008. PMID 10683148.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hirose H, Arasaki K, Dohmae N; et al. (2005). "Implication of ZW10 in membrane trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi". EMBO J. 23 (6): 1267–78. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600135. PMID 15029241.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Singh BB, Lockwich TP, Bandyopadhyay BC; et al. (2004). "VAMP2-dependent exocytosis regulates plasma membrane insertion of TRPC3 channels and contributes to agonist-stimulated Ca2+ influx". Mol. Cell. 15 (4): 635–46. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.07.010. PMID 15327778.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)