Fetal hydantoin syndrome

Fetal hydantoin syndrome
Phenytoin
ICD-10	Q86.1
ICD-9	760.77
OMIM	132810
DiseasesDB	33179

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Fetal hydantoin syndrome, also called fetal dilantin syndrome is a group of defects caused to the developing fetus by exposure to the teratogenic effects of phenytoin. Dilantin is the brand name of the drug phenytoin sodium in the United States, commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy.

It may also be called congenital hydantoin syndrome, Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome, Dilantin Embryopathy, or Phenytoin Embryopathy.

Association with EPHX1 has been suggested.

Prevalence and presentation

About one third of children whose mothers are taking this drug during pregnancy typically have intrauterine growth restriction with microcephaly and develop minor dysmorphic craniofacial features and limb defects including hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges (birth defects). A smaller population will have growth problems and developmental delay, or mental retardation. Rare side effects include methemoglobinemia.

Heart defects and cleft lip may also be featured.