Diabetes mellitus type 1 epidemiology and demographics

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Epidemiology and demographics of type 1 DM varies with geography, age, race and genetic susceptibility.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

• Type 1 diabetes affects ~15-30 million people globally.

• In 2012, Ada estimated the prevalence of type 1 DM in american children and adults at 1.25 million.
• 5.6% of american adults diagnosed with diabetes mellitus have type 1 DM.

Incidence

Incidence of type 1 DM varies with geography, age, race, and genetic susceptibility. Epidemiology and demographics of type 1 diabetes:

New cases of type 1 diabetes(0-14 years per 100,000 children per year), 2011

b

Factors affecting the incidence of type 1 DM	Relationship between factors and incidence of type 1 DM	Epidemiology
Geography	Incidence increases with increase in distance from equator	Incidence of type 1 DM per 100,000 persons a year 0.1 to 0.5 per 100,000 persons in Venezula and parts of China 37 to 65 in Finland and Sardinia 23.6 per 100,000 per year in non-Hispanic white children and adolescents 36 per 100,000 per year in Newfoundland, Canada
Age	Bimodal distribution, with one peak at four to six years of age and a second between 10 to 14 years of age.
Gender	Gender doesn't affect the overall incidence of overall incidence of childhood type 1 DM	The prevalence and incidence oftype 1 DM doesn't vary with gender.
Genetic susceptibility	There is increased risk of developing type 1 DM in close relatives of a patient with type 1 DM	Lifetime risk of developing Type 1 DM ●No family history – 0.4 percent ●Offspring of an affected mother – 1 to 4 percent ●Offspring of an affected father – 3 to 8 percent ●Offspring with both parents affected – reported as high as 30 percent ●Non-twin sibling of affected patient – 3 to 6 percent ●Dizygotic twin – 8 percent ●Monozygotic twin – 30 percent within 10 years of diagnosis of the first twin, and 65 percent concordance by age 60 years
Race	Incidence of type 1 DM varies from race to race	Non-Hispanic white youth-2.55 ases per 1,000 children 0 to 19 years old African American- 1.62 cases per 1,000 children 0 to 19 years old Hispanic-1.29 cases per 1,000 children 0 to 19 years old Asian-Pacific Islanders-0.6 cases per 1,000 children 0 to 19 years old American Indians-0.35 cases per 1,000 children 0 to 19 years old, respectively)