Sandbox:Roukoz

Diseases	Clinical manifestations						Para-clinical findings				Additional findings
	Symptoms			Skin Examination
							Lab Findings			Histopathology
	Names	Symptoms	Dermoscopic Findings	Skin exam 1	Skin exam 2	Skin exam 3	Risk factors	Areas affected	Unique features
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma	SCC in situ Bowen's disease	Usually asymptomatic		well-demarcated, scaly patch or plaque	hyperkeratotic, or ulcerative lesions	Lesions are often erythematous but can also be skin colored or pigmented.		Any cutaneous surface, including the head, neck, trunk, extremities, oral mucosa, shoulders, chest and back	In fair-skinned individuals, SCCs most commonly arise in sites frequently exposed to the sun In black individuals, common sites for SCC include the legs, anus, and areas of chronic inflammation or scarring	Keratinocytic dysplasia involving the full thickness of the epidermis without infiltration of atypical cells into the dermis The keratinocytes are pleomorphic with hyperchromatic nuclei, and numerous mitoses are present.	SCC in situ lesions tend to grow slowly, enlarging over the course of years
Invasive squamous cell carcinoma		Usually asymptomatic	White circles, keratin, blood spots, and white structureless zones	Well-differentiated lesions usually appear as indurated or firm, hyperkeratotic papules, plaques, or nodules	Poorly differentiated lesions are usually fleshy, soft, granulomatous papules or nodules that lack the hyperkeratosis that is often seen in well-differentiated lesions	Poorly differentiated tumors may have ulceration, hemorrhage, or areas of necrosis.
Keratoacanthoma	keratocytic epithelial tumors	Usually asymptomatic	White circles, keratin, blood spots, and white structureless zones	Initial lesion: small pink macule Later: papular quality and eventually forms a circumscribed nodule.	The periphery of the nodule tends to be skin-colored or mildly erythematous and may have accompanying telangiectasias	The center of the nodule typically demonstrates a prominent keratinous core.	Skin color Ultraviolet radiation Genetics Drug exposure (BRAF inhibitors) Trauma (surgery, laser therapy, cryotherapy or accidental trauma) Chemical carcinogens (tar, pitch, polyaromatic hydrocarbons) Human papillomavirus infection	Develops on sun-exposed areas of the skin. The face (especially the eyelids, nose, cheek, and lower lip), neck, hands, and arms are common sites for involvement	a history of rapid growth within weeks favors this diagnosis	Epidermal hyperplasia with large eosinophilic keratinocytes Central invagination with a keratotic core (in later stages) "Lipping" or "buttressing" of the epidermis over the peripheral rim of the central keratotic plug Sharp demarcation between the tumor and the surrounding stroma Mixed inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis	It is controversial whether keratoacanthomas represent a subtype of well-differentiated SCC or a separate entity
Merkel cell carcinoma		Usually asymptomatic	Milky red areas; linear, irregular vessels; and polymorphous vessels	rapidly growing, painless, firm, nontender, shiny, flesh-colored or bluish-red, intracutaneous nodule			Older patients with light skin tones	Starts on areas of skin exposed to the sun Most frequent locations for the primary tumor are head and neck, upper limbs and shoulder, lower limbs and hip, and trunk		Strands or nests of monotonously uniform, round, blue cells, containing large basophilic nuclei with powdery dispersed chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli, and minimal cytoplasm Single-cell necrosis, frequent mitoses, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and epidermal involvement via pagetoid spread.	Blue-red, dome-shaped nodule
Nodular malignant melanoma				Lump that has been rapidly growing over the past weeks						Cells proliferate downwards through the skin (vertical growth)	Two-thirds arise in normal skin, the rest in existing moles Genetic component in some cases with a positive family history
Amelanotic melanoma				Color usually pink, purple or normal skin color	Usually have an asymmetrical shape with an irregular border	Red, nonspecific lesion with slightly elevated borders					Do not make melanin, so lesions are not pigmented
Basal cell carcinoma				Coarse scale lesion
Superficial basal cell carcinoma				Scaly patch	Erythematous lesion					large, hyperchromatic, oval nuclei and little cytoplasm well differentiated and cells appear histologically similar to basal cells of the epidermis
Nodular basal cell carcinoma				Pearly papule with telangiectasias
Cutaneous metastases of internal malignancy				Other sites lungs, liver, brain, skin, or bone.							The most frequent site of metastasis for cutaneous SCC is the regional lymph nodes;
Benign Skin Lesions
Sebaceous cell carcinoma				Yellow-nodule							Suspected due to evidence of eyelash loss
Rhabdomyosarcoma	Bulging of the eye or a swollen eyelid										Develops in skeletal muscles usually
Actinic keratoses	Pain			Hyperkeratosis	Erythema	less pigmentation, and tend to be somewhat smaller in size.
Prurigo nodules	Hard lesion	Itchy lumps
Paget disease				Eczema-like rash of the skin	Around the genital regions of males and females.					Similar to mammary paget disease	chronic
Inflamed seborrheic keratosis				Waxy, "stuck on," often hyperkeratotic appearance
Viral warts				Verrucous lesion							Caused by HPV
Pyogenic granuloma				Rapidly growing	Red, dome-shaped	Friable papule with a collarette of scale
Bowenoid papulosis				multiple, red- to brown-colored, small papules that							primarily arise on genitals induced by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
Nummular eczema	Itchy lesions			Coin shaped spots							Chronic condition
Psoriasis	Flaking, inflammation			Thick, white, silvery, or red patches of skin							Chronic condition
Pyoderma gangrenosum				Purulent ulcer	Ragged and violaceous border
Venous stasis ulcers
Traumatic ulcers
Sebaceous Hyperplasia				Lesions can be single or multiple lesions	Yellowish, soft, small papules on the face	Usually on the nose, cheeks, and forehead
Allergic Contact Dermatitis	Itchy rash			Red rash							Not contagious
Atopic Dermatitis	Itchy rash	Fever		Red rash							Chronic and sometimes accompanied by asthma
Atypical Fibroxanthoma				Erythematous, dome-shaped papule
Nevus
Chemical Burns
Limbal Dermoid										Contains choristomatous tissue	Benign congenital tumor
Benign hereditary intraepithelial dyskeratosis											Rare autosomal-dominant disorder of the conjunctiva and oral mucosa
primary acquired melanosis
Fibrous xanthoma										Containing fibromatous elements	Arises due to disturbed systemic lipid metabolism
Inflamed seborrheic keratosis				Inflamed and hyperpigmented		On dermatoscopic evaluation, presence of horned cysts and hairpin-shaped blood vessels
Juvenile xanthogranuloma				Reddened, yellowish-tan color of lesions	Slightly raised bumps						Typically
Cutaneous fungal infections
Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma
Adnexal carcinoma											Very rare
Darier disease											Keratosis follicularis
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma											Mycosis fungoides
Marjolin's ulcer				Lesions in sites of chronic wounds and scars	Excessive granulation tissue,	Rolled or everted wound margins	Bleeding on touch				rare type of SCC Very slow malignant transformation
Epithelioma cuniculatum							Increased size				Verrucous carcinoma on the plantar foot
Anogenital											also known as giant condyloma acuminatum of Buschke-Loewenstein

SCC in situ: Frequently, there is associated thickening of the epidermis (acanthosis), as well as hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis of the stratum corneum. In contrast to SCC in situ, actinic keratoses demonstrate only partial-thickness epidermal dysplasia.