Sandbox:Hannan1
| Neuroendocrine tumor | Clinical manifestations | Dianosis | Gold
standard |
Other features | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms | Signs | Blood | Gross | Histology | Immunohistochemistry | Imaging | Others | ||||
| Medullary thyroid carcinoma[1] |
|
mass
syndrome |
↑ Calcitonin
↑ Serum calcium ↑ or - Cortisol ↑ CEA level |
White or gray in color
Firm to palpation |
Nests of uniform cells
Deposition of stromal amyloid Granular chromatin C-cell hyperplasia |
Calcitonin
Chromogranin A Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) |
Solid thyroid nodule (US)
CT scan/MRI and PET scan for metastatis |
Genetic testing | FNA cytology with immunohisto-
chemistry and calcitonin levels |
Associated with MEN 2A and 2B
Familial association with RET mutations May present as Cushing syndrome | |
| Pheochromocytoma | |||||||||||
| Merkel cell carcinoma | |||||||||||
| Parathyroid adenoma | |||||||||||
| Paraganglioma | |||||||||||
| Pituitary gland tumors | |||||||||||
| Neuroendocrine tumors of the ovaries or testicles | |||||||||||
| Thymic neuroendocrine cancer | |||||||||||
| Lung neuroendocrine tumors | Typical carcinoid tumours | ||||||||||
| Atypical carcinoid tumours | |||||||||||
| Large cell lung neuroendocrine carcinomas | |||||||||||
| Small cell lung neuroendocrine carcinomas | |||||||||||
| Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours | Gastrinoma | ||||||||||
| Insulinoma | |||||||||||
| Glucagonoma | |||||||||||
| Somatostatinoma | |||||||||||
| VIPoma | |||||||||||
| ACTHoma | |||||||||||
| Gastric neuroendocrine tumors | Type I GNET | ||||||||||
| Type II GNET | |||||||||||
| Type III GNET | |||||||||||
| Type IV GNET | |||||||||||
| Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors | Gastrinomas | ||||||||||
| Somatostatinomas | |||||||||||
| Gangliocytic paraganglionomas | |||||||||||
| Nonfunctioning NET | |||||||||||
| neuroendocrine carcinomas | |||||||||||
| Jejuno-Ileal neuroendocrine tumors | |||||||||||
| Appendix neuroendocrine tumors | |||||||||||
| Colon neuroendocrine tumors | |||||||||||
| Rectum neuroendocrine tumors | |||||||||||
- ↑ Roy M, Chen H, Sippel RS (2013). "Current understanding and management of medullary thyroid cancer". Oncologist. 18 (10): 1093–100. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0053. PMC 3805151. PMID 24037980.