Pneumomediastinum physical examination

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Pneumomediastinum Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Pneumomediastinum from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Case Studies

Case #1

Pneumomediastinum physical examination On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pneumomediastinum physical examination

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Pneumomediastinum physical examination

CDC on Pneumomediastinum physical examination

Pneumomediastinum physical examination in the news

Blogs on Pneumomediastinum physical examination

Directions to Hospitals Treating Pneumomediastinum

Risk calculators and risk factors for Pneumomediastinum physical examination

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2]

Overview

In spontaneous pneumomediastinum, the patient appears normal. Patient with pneumomediastinum secondary to an exacerbation of asthma may appear distressed. On physical examination, the most pathognomic sign of pneumomediastinum is Hamman's sign, which is mediastinal crunch or click present on auscultation over the cardiac apex and the left sternal border synchronous with the heartbeat. Subcutaneous emphysema can also be detected in a patient with pneumomediastinum.

Physical Examination

The patient may present with the physical finding of the primary condition causing pneumomediastinum or precipitating factors including, asthma, emphysema, pneumothorax, Boerhaave syndrome or ARDS.

Vital Signs

Appearance of the Patient

  • Patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum usually appear normal[1].

Skin

  • Skin examination of patients with primary spontaneous pneumomediastinum is usually normal.

HEENT

  • HEENT examination of patients with primary spontaneous pneumomediastinum is usually normal.
  • Subcutaneous crepitation may be present on the face.

Neck

  • Subcutaneous crepitation may be present.

Lungs

  • Bronchial breathing sound
  • Mediastinal crunch or click present on auscultation over the cardiac apex and the left sternal border synchronous with the heart sound(Hamman's sign).
  • Subcutaneous crepitation.

Heart

  • Cardiovascular examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal.

Abdomen

  • Abdominal examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal.
  • Subcutaneous crepitation may be present.

Back

  • Back examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal.

Genitourinary

  • Genitourinary examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal.

Neuromuscular

  • Nuromascular examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal.

Extremities

  • Extremities examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal

References

  1. Kobashi Y, Okimoto N, Matsushima T, Soejima R (April 2002). "Comparative study of mediastinal emphysema as determined by etiology". Intern. Med. 41 (4): 277–82. PMID 11993787.

Template:WH Template:WS