Goiter epidemiology and demographics

Overview

Goiter is defined as an enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine (T3 and T4). In conditions producing endemic goitre, when iodine is not available, these hormones cannot be made. In response to low thyroid hormones, the pituitary gland releases thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Thyroid stimulating hormone acts to increase synthesis of T3 and T4, but it also causes the thyroid gland to grow in size by increasing cell division. Goitre is more common among women, but this includes the many types of goitre caused by autoimmune problems, and not only those caused by simple lack of iodine. Sporadic form more common in women: 8:1 (female:male).