Brain Stem Gliomas pathophysiology

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Brain Stem Gliomas Microchapters

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Differentiating Brain Stem Gliomas from other Diseases

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]

Overview

Pathophysiology

The brain stem gliomas are classified into 4 subtypes, and each has its distinct histological features:

  • Diffuse astrocytoma
    • Usually fibrillary astrocytomas
    • WHO grades II-IV
    • Grade does not impact on prognosis, and thus biopsy is usually not necessary
  • Focal glioma
    • Fibrillary astrocytoma (grade II): most common histology
    • Pilocytic astrocytoma
    • Ganglioglioma
  • (Dorsally) exophytic glioma
    • Low grade astrocytoma
    • Ganglioglioma
  • NF1-associated brainstem glioma
    • Seen in up to 9% of NF1 patients
    • Most frequently seen in the medulla
    • Appears similar to a sporadic focal brainstem glioma but has an even better prognosis, with little if any progression

References

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