Listeriosis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
The majority of cases of listeriosis are sporadic. ALthough the source is usually unknown, contaminated food is the most common vehicle of transmission. Some patients may be transitory carriers of the bacteria, without having the disease. | The majority of cases of listeriosis are sporadic. ALthough the source is usually unknown, contaminated food is the most common vehicle of transmission. Some patients may be transitory carriers of the bacteria, without having the disease. Once the bacteria penetrate the gastrointestinal lining, it will travel through the blood to otherwise aseptic sites, such as the CNS, the uterus, and sometimes the heart, being responsible for diseases such as: | ||
* Febrile gastroenteritis | |||
* Infection in pregnancy | |||
* Sepsis of unknown origin | |||
* Bacteremia | |||
* CNS Infection | |||
* Endocarditis | |||
* Focal infections | |||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Natural History
The majority of cases of listeriosis are sporadic. ALthough the source is usually unknown, contaminated food is the most common vehicle of transmission. Some patients may be transitory carriers of the bacteria, without having the disease. Once the bacteria penetrate the gastrointestinal lining, it will travel through the blood to otherwise aseptic sites, such as the CNS, the uterus, and sometimes the heart, being responsible for diseases such as:
- Febrile gastroenteritis
- Infection in pregnancy
- Sepsis of unknown origin
- Bacteremia
- CNS Infection
- Endocarditis
- Focal infections
Complications
Invasive disease might complicate into:[1][2]
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- ARDS
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Acute Renal Failure
- Septicemia[3], meningitis (or meningoencephalitis)[3]
- Encephalitis[4]
- Corneal ulcer[5]
- Pneumonia[6]
- Intrauterine or cervical infection in pregnant women, may result in:
- Spontaneous abortion (2nd/3rd trimester)
- Stillbirth
- Surviving neonates of Fetomaternal Listeriosis may suffer from:
- Granulomatosis infantiseptica - pyogenic granulomas distributed over the whole body, and may suffer from physical retardation
- Influenza-like symptoms, including persistent fever usually precede the onset of the aforementioned disorders.
- Reinfection (rare)
Prognosis
The prognosis of Listeriosis depends on the health status of the host:[7]
- Healthy older children and adults have a lower death rate.
- Listeriosis in a fetus or infant results in a poor outcome with a high death rate.
- Even with prompt treatment, some listeriosis cases result in death. This is particularly likely in older adults and in persons with other medical conditions.
References
- ↑ Mandell, Gerald L.; Bennett, John E. (John Eugene); Dolin, Raphael. (2010). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious disease. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. ISBN 0-443-06839-9.
- ↑ "Listeriosis".
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Gray, M. L., and A. H. Killinger. 1966. Listeria monocytogenes and listeric infection. Bacteriol. Rev. 30:309-382.
- ↑ Armstrong, R. W., and P. C. Fung. 1993. Brainstem encephalitis (Rhombencephalitis) due to Listeria monocytogenes: case report and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 16:689-702.
- ↑ Holland, S., E. Alfonso, H. Gelender, D. Heidemann, A. Mendelsohn, S. Ullman, and D. Miller. 1987. Corneal ulcer due to Listeria monocytogenes. Cornea 6:144-146.
- ↑ Whitelock-Jones, L., J. Carswell, and K. C. Rassmussen. 1989. Listeria pneumonia. A case report. South African Medical Journal 75:188-189.
- ↑ "Listeria".