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| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT [[Bisoprolol#Warnings]] |
| {{Bisoprolol }}
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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SS}}
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| ==Warnings and Precautions==
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| ===Cardiac Failure===
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| Sympathetic stimulation is a vital component supporting circulatory function in the setting of [[congestive heart failure]], and beta-blockade may result in further depression of myocardial contractility and precipitate more severe failure. In general, beta-blocking agents should be avoided in patients with overt congestive failure. However, in some patients with compensated cardiac failure it may be necessary to utilize them. In such a situation, they must be used cautiously.
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| ===In Patients Without a History of Cardiac Failure===
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| Continued [[depression]] of the myocardium with beta-blockers can, in some patients, precipitate cardiac failure. At the first signs or symptoms of heart failure, discontinuation of ZEBETA should be considered. In some cases, beta-blocker therapy can be continued while heart failure is treated with other drugs.
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| ===Abrupt Cessation of Therapy===
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| Exacerbation of [[angina]] pectoris, and, in some instances, [[myocardial infarction]] or [[ventricular arrhythmia]], have been observed in patients with coronary artery disease following abrupt cessation of therapy with beta-blockers. Such patients should, therefore, be cautioned against interruption or discontinuation of therapy without the physician’s advice. Even in patients without overt coronary artery disease, it may be advisable to taper therapy with ZEBETA over approximately one week with the patient under careful observation. If withdrawal symptoms occur, ZEBETA therapy should be reinstituted, at least temporarily.
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| ===Peripheral Vascular Disease===
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| Beta-blockers can precipitate or aggravate symptoms of arterial insufficiency in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Caution should be exercised in such individuals.
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| ===Bronchospastic Disease===
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| <u>'''PATIENTS WITH BRONCHOSPASTIC DISEASE SHOULD, IN GENERAL, NOT RECEIVE BETA-BLOCKERS'''</u>. Because of its relative beta1-selectivity, however, ZEBETA may be used with caution in patients with bronchospastic disease who do not respond to, or who cannot tolerate other [[antihypertensive]] treatment. Since beta1-selectivity is not absolute, the lowest possible dose of ZEBETA should be used, with therapy starting at 2.5 mg. A beta2 agonist ([[bronchodilator]]) should be made available.
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| ===Major Surgery===
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| Chronically administered beta-blocking therapy should not be routinely withdrawn prior to major surgery; however, the impaired ability of the heart to respond to reflex adrenergic stimuli may augment the risks of general anesthesia and surgical procedures.
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| ===Diabetes and [[hypoglycemia]]===
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| Beta-blockers may mask some of the manifestations of [[hypoglycemia]], particularly [[tachycardia]]. Nonselective beta-blockers may potentiate insulin-induced [[hypoglycemia]] and delay recovery of serum glucose levels. Because of its beta1-selectivity, this is less likely with ZEBETA. However, patients subject to spontaneous [[hypoglycemia]], or diabetic patients receiving insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents, should be cautioned about these possibilities and bisoprolol fumarate should be used with caution.
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| ===Thyrotoxicosis===
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| Beta-adrenergic blockade may mask clinical signs of [[hyperthyroidism]], such as [[tachycardia]]. Abrupt withdrawal of beta-blockade may be followed by an exacerbation of the symptoms of [[hyperthyroidism]] or may precipitate thyroid storm.</div>
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| <ref name="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov">{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = ZEBETA (BISOPROLOL FUMARATE) TABLET [DURAMED PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.] | url = http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a11548a0-9c0f-4729-907c-75d8f99a6c85 | publisher = | date = | accessdate = 4 February 2014 }}</ref>
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Beta blockers]] | | [[Category:Beta blockers]] |
| [[Category:Cardiovascular Drugs]] | | [[Category:Cardiovascular Drugs]] |
| [[Category:Drugs]] | | [[Category:Drugs]] |
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