Parotitis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Parotitis is a disease that occurs in debilitated patients. Dehydration and decreased salivary flow/stasis are the main risk factors for ascending infection through Stenson’s duct to the gland. Postoperative patients who are dehydrated and NPO with little salivary stimulation are at particular risk with an incidence estimated at 1 in 1000. Debilitating medical conditions such as [[Diabetes mellitus]], renal failure, [[HIV]] and [[Sjögrens’s syndrome]] are risk factors. | Parotitis is a disease that occurs in debilitated patients. [[Dehydration]] and decreased salivary flow/stasis are the main risk factors for ascending infection through [[Stenson’s duct]] to the gland. Postoperative patients who are dehydrated and NPO with little salivary stimulation are at particular risk with an incidence estimated at 1 in 1000. Debilitating medical conditions such as [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[renal failure]], [[HIV]] and [[Sjögrens’s syndrome]] are risk factors. | ||
Patients with [[Anorexia]], [[Bulimia]], [[CF]] or those with salivary ductal dilation are also at risk. Ductal dilation is found in those with high intraoral pressure such as trumpet players and glass blowers | Patients with [[Anorexia]], [[Bulimia]], [[CF]] or those with salivary ductal dilation are also at risk. Ductal dilation is found in those with high intraoral pressure such as trumpet players and glass blowers and medications with [[anticholinergic]] properties or diuretic effects. | ||
The most common bacterial cause is S. aureus. S. pneumonia, S. pyogenes and H. influenza are also common. Less commonly gram negative | The most common bacterial cause is S. aureus. S. pneumonia, S. pyogenes and H. influenza are also common. Less commonly [[gram negative rod]]s (GNR) as well as [[anaerobe]]s are found. M. tuberculosis and T. pallidum have also been reported but are usually associated with chronic, painless infection. | ||
Viral etiologies include paramyxovirus (particularly Mumps), influenza, parainfluenza, echovirus and coxsackie. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and adenovirus have been implicated in HIV patients. | Viral etiologies include paramyxovirus (particularly Mumps), influenza, parainfluenza, echovirus and coxsackie. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and adenovirus have been implicated in HIV patients. | ||
Nonbacterial causes include Wegener’s granulomatosis and lymphoma. Cat-scratch and actinomycosis should be considered if the patient fails to respond to standard therapy. This predispose to parotitis. <ref>McQuone SJ. Acute Viral and Bacterial Infections of the Salivary Glands. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1999, 32:793-811. PMID 10477787</ref> | Nonbacterial causes include [[Wegener’s granulomatosis]] and [[lymphoma]]. [[Cat-scratch]] and [[actinomycosis]] should be considered if the patient fails to respond to standard therapy. This predispose to parotitis. <ref>McQuone SJ. Acute Viral and Bacterial Infections of the Salivary Glands. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1999, 32:793-811. PMID 10477787</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 15:00, 5 November 2012
|
Parotitis Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Parotitis pathophysiology On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Parotitis pathophysiology |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Parotitis pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Parotitis is a disease that occurs in debilitated patients. Dehydration and decreased salivary flow/stasis are the main risk factors for ascending infection through Stenson’s duct to the gland. Postoperative patients who are dehydrated and NPO with little salivary stimulation are at particular risk with an incidence estimated at 1 in 1000. Debilitating medical conditions such as Diabetes mellitus, renal failure, HIV and Sjögrens’s syndrome are risk factors.
Patients with Anorexia, Bulimia, CF or those with salivary ductal dilation are also at risk. Ductal dilation is found in those with high intraoral pressure such as trumpet players and glass blowers and medications with anticholinergic properties or diuretic effects.
The most common bacterial cause is S. aureus. S. pneumonia, S. pyogenes and H. influenza are also common. Less commonly gram negative rods (GNR) as well as anaerobes are found. M. tuberculosis and T. pallidum have also been reported but are usually associated with chronic, painless infection.
Viral etiologies include paramyxovirus (particularly Mumps), influenza, parainfluenza, echovirus and coxsackie. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and adenovirus have been implicated in HIV patients.
Nonbacterial causes include Wegener’s granulomatosis and lymphoma. Cat-scratch and actinomycosis should be considered if the patient fails to respond to standard therapy. This predispose to parotitis. [1]
References
- ↑ McQuone SJ. Acute Viral and Bacterial Infections of the Salivary Glands. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1999, 32:793-811. PMID 10477787