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==Overview==
==Overview==
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is an irregularity of the menstrual cycle that may affect the duration, frequency and blood volume. Normal cycles last around 24-38 days and average 5-80 mL of blood loss during this time. Commonly associated complications include infertility, anemia and the possibility of underlying endometrial malignancy. Generally, the prognosis is favourable, but may depend on underlying causes and treatment options. The amount of blood loss varies according to hormonal and nonhormonal medications, as well as with surgical interventions.  
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is an irregularity of the [[menstrual cycle]] that may affect the duration, frequency and blood volume. Normal cycles last around 24-38 days and average 5-80 mL of blood loss during this time. Commonly associated complications include [[infertility]], [[anemia]] and the possibility of underlying [[Endometrial cancer|endometrial malignancy]]. Generally, the prognosis is favourable, but may depend on underlying causes and treatment options. The amount of blood loss varies according to hormonal and nonhormonal medications, as well as with surgical interventions.  


==Natural History==
==Natural History==
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is a commonly presenting symptom and is defined as any irregularity of the menstrual cycle. This can include the duration, frequency and blood volume. It most commonly presents in women that have undergone menarche but are still perimenopausal. This is usually between the ages of 15-49. Each cycle often lasts around 24-38 days, with an average of 5-80 mL of blood loss.<ref name="pmid30422508">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2022 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=30422508 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is a commonly presenting symptom and is defined as any irregularity of the [[Menstrual cycle|menstrual cycl]]<nowiki/>e. This can include the duration, frequency and blood volume. It most commonly presents in women that have undergone [[menarche]] but are still perimenopausal. This is usually between the ages of 15-49. Each cycle often lasts around 24-38 days, with an average of 5-80 mL of blood loss.<ref name="pmid30422508">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2022 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=30422508 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>


==Complications==
==Complications==
The effect on a woman's lifestyle is one of the most important complications that patients face. Generally, the associated abdominal pain and unexpected bleeding can greatly affect one's lifestyle.  
The effect on a woman's lifestyle is one of the most important complications that patients face. Generally, the associated [[abdominal pain]] and unexpected [[bleeding]] can greatly affect one's lifestyle.  
===Other complications include: <ref name="pmid30422508">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2022 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=30422508 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>===
===Other complications include:===
* Infertility: this complication may be the time when many women actually get diagnosed with endometriosis
 
* Anemia: severe anemia may lead to death and is important to manage early on  
*[[Infertility]]: this complication may be the time when many women actually get diagnosed with [[endometriosis]]
* Endometrial malignancy: it is important to rule out endometrial malignancy, as this can be one of the underlying causes of DUB. An endometrial biopsy is helpful in diagnosing the condition
*[[Anemia]]: severe anemia may lead to death and is important to manage early on
*[[Endometrial cancer|Endometrial malignancy]]: it is important to rule out endometrial malignancy, as this can be one of the underlying causes of [[Dysfunctional uterine bleeding|DUB]]. An endometrial biopsy is helpful in diagnosing the condition


==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
The prognosis is generally favourable, but it may be altered depending on the underlying cause as well as the treatment modality.<ref name="pmid30422508">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2022 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=30422508 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>.
The prognosis is generally favourable, but it may be altered depending on the underlying cause as well as the treatment modality.<ref name="pmid30422508">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2022 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=30422508 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>  
* Blood loss may be reduced up to 50% in patients taking a combination of non-hormonal medications with NSAIDs
 
* Up to 50%-90% of blood loss may be reduced in patients that use injectable progesterone and GnRH agonists, such as leuprolide
*Blood loss may be reduced up to 50% in patients taking a combination of non-hormonal medications with [[NSAIDs]]
* Surgical interventions such as hysterectomy have shown better results in 1 year when compared to non-surgical treatment recipients  
*Up to 50%-90% of blood loss may be reduced in patients that use [[Progesterone|injectable progesterone]] and [[GnRH analog|GnRH agonists]], such as [[leuprolide]]
*Surgical interventions such as [[hysterectomy]] have shown better results in 1 year when compared to non-surgical treatment recipients


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 08:33, 4 March 2022

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz

Overview

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is an irregularity of the menstrual cycle that may affect the duration, frequency and blood volume. Normal cycles last around 24-38 days and average 5-80 mL of blood loss during this time. Commonly associated complications include infertility, anemia and the possibility of underlying endometrial malignancy. Generally, the prognosis is favourable, but may depend on underlying causes and treatment options. The amount of blood loss varies according to hormonal and nonhormonal medications, as well as with surgical interventions.

Natural History

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is a commonly presenting symptom and is defined as any irregularity of the menstrual cycle. This can include the duration, frequency and blood volume. It most commonly presents in women that have undergone menarche but are still perimenopausal. This is usually between the ages of 15-49. Each cycle often lasts around 24-38 days, with an average of 5-80 mL of blood loss.[1]

Complications

The effect on a woman's lifestyle is one of the most important complications that patients face. Generally, the associated abdominal pain and unexpected bleeding can greatly affect one's lifestyle.

Other complications include:

  • Infertility: this complication may be the time when many women actually get diagnosed with endometriosis
  • Anemia: severe anemia may lead to death and is important to manage early on
  • Endometrial malignancy: it is important to rule out endometrial malignancy, as this can be one of the underlying causes of DUB. An endometrial biopsy is helpful in diagnosing the condition

Prognosis

The prognosis is generally favourable, but it may be altered depending on the underlying cause as well as the treatment modality.[1]

  • Blood loss may be reduced up to 50% in patients taking a combination of non-hormonal medications with NSAIDs
  • Up to 50%-90% of blood loss may be reduced in patients that use injectable progesterone and GnRH agonists, such as leuprolide
  • Surgical interventions such as hysterectomy have shown better results in 1 year when compared to non-surgical treatment recipients

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 "StatPearls". 2022. PMID 30422508.

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