Splenomegaly: Difference between revisions

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VisualWikitext

Revision as of 22:51, 25 September 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ; Gichoya Judy Wawira [2], Moi University School of Medicine

Synonyms and keywords: Spleen enlargement; enlarged spleen; spleen swelling

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Splenomegaly from Other Diseases

Category	Disease		Etiology	Clinical manifestations												Para−clinical findings										Gold standard	Associated findings
				Demography	History	Symptoms					Signs					Lab Findings									Imaging
						Fever	Fatigue	Weight loss	Abdominal pain	Bleeding	BP	JVP	Jaundice	Ascites	Other	CBC			PS	Iron	LFT	PT/PTT	BUN/Cr	UA
						Fever	Fatigue	Weight loss	Abdominal pain	Bleeding	BP	JVP	Jaundice	Ascites	Other	WBC	Hb	Plt	PS	Iron	LFT	PT/PTT	BUN/Cr	UA
Congestive	Cirrhosis
	Heart failure
	Thrombosis of portal, hepatic, or splenic veins
Malignancy	Lymphoma
	Leukemia
	Polycythemia Vera
	Multiple myeloma
	Essential thrombocythemia
	Primary myelofibrosis
	Primary splenic tumors
	Metastatic solid tumors
Category	Disease		Etiology	Demography	History	Fever	Fatigue	Weight loss	Abdominal pain	Bleeding	BP	JVP	Jaundice	Ascites	Other	WBC	Hb	Plt	PS	Iron	LFT	PT/PTT	BUN/Cr	UA	Imaging	Gold standard	Associated findings
Infection	Viral	Hepatitis
		Infectious mononucleosis
		Cytomegalovirus
	Bacterial	Salmonella
		Brucella
		Tuberculosis
	Parasitic	Malaria
		Schistosomiasis
		Toxoplasmosis
		Kala-azar	Visceral leishmaniasis
	Infective endocarditis
	Fungal
Inflammation	Sarcoidosis
	Serum sickness
	Systemic lupus erythematosus
	Felty syndrome
Category	Disease		Etiology	Demography	History	Fever	Fatigue	Weight loss	Abdominal pain	Bleeding	BP	JVP	Jaundice	Ascites	Other	WBC	Hb	Plt	PS	Iron	LFT	PT/PTT	BUN/Cr	UA	Imaging	Gold standard	Associated findings
Infiltrative	Gaucher disease
	Niemann-Pick disease
	Amyloidosis
	Langerhans cell histiocytosis
	Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
	Rosai-Dorfman disease
Hematologic (hypersplenic) states	Hemolytic anemia
	Sickle cell disease
	Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
Category	Disease		Etiology	Demography	History	Fever	Fatigue	Weight loss	Abdominal pain	Bleeding	BP	JVP	Jaundice	Ascites	Other	WBC	Hb	Plt	PS	Iron	LFT	PT/PTT	BUN/Cr	UA	Imaging	Gold standard	Associated findings

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

References

@@ Line 109: / Line 109: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Thrombosis of portal, hepatic, or splenic veins
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Thrombosis]] of [[portal]], [[Liver|hepatic]], or [[Splenic vein|splenic veins]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 137: / Line 137: @@
 |-
 ! rowspan="8" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Malignancy
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Lymphoma
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Lymphoma]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 164: / Line 164: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Leukemias
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Leukemia]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 191: / Line 191: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Polycythemia Vera
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Polycythemia vera|Polycythemia Vera]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 218: / Line 218: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Multiple myeloma
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Multiple myeloma]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 245: / Line 245: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Essential thrombocythemia
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Essential thrombocytosis|Essential thrombocythemia]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 272: / Line 272: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Primary myelofibrosis
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Myelofibrosis|Primary myelofibrosis]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 299: / Line 299: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Primary splenic tumors
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Splenic tumor|Primary splenic tumors]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 326: / Line 326: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Metastatic solid tumors
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Metastasis|Metastatic solid tumors]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 381: / Line 381: @@
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
 |-
-! rowspan="6" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Infection
+! rowspan="12" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Infection
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Viral
+! rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Virus|Viral]]
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hepatitis]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 410: / Line 410: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Bacterial
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Mononucleosis|Infectious mononucleosis]]
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Salmonella, Brucella, tuberculosis
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 438: / Line 437: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Parasitic
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Cytomegalovirus]]
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Malaria, schistosomiasis, toxoplasmosis
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 466: / Line 464: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis)
+! rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Bacteria|Bacterial]]
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Salmonella]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 493: / Line 492: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Infective endocarditis
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Brucella]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 520: / Line 519: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Fungal
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Tuberculosis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Parasitism|Parasitic]]
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Malaria]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Schistosomiasis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Toxoplasmosis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Visceral leishmaniasis|Kala-azar]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Visceral leishmaniasis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Endocarditis|Infective endocarditis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|-
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Fungus|Fungal]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 548: / Line 710: @@
 |-
 ! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inflammation
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Sarcoid
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Sarcoidosis]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 575: / Line 737: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Serum sickness
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Serum sickness]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 602: / Line 764: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Systemic lupus erythematosus
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 629: / Line 791: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Felty syndrome
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Felty's syndrome|Felty syndrome]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 685: / Line 847: @@
 |-
 ! rowspan="6" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Infiltrative
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Gaucher disease
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Gaucher's disease|Gaucher disease]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 712: / Line 874: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Niemann-Pick disease
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Niemann-Pick disease]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 739: / Line 901: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Amyloidosis
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Amyloidosis]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 766: / Line 928: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Langerhans cell histiocytosis
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 793: / Line 955: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 820: / Line 982: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Rosai-Dorfman disease
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Rosai Dorfman disease|Rosai-Dorfman disease]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 848: / Line 1,010: @@
 |-
 ! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hematologic (hypersplenic) states
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Hemolytic anemia
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hemolytic anemia]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 875: / Line 1,037: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Sickle cell disease
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Sickle-cell disease|Sickle cell disease]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 902: / Line 1,064: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |