Sialolithiasis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.
 
OR
 
It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
 
OR
 
[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
 
OR
 
Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
 
OR
 
 
[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
 
OR
 
The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
 
OR
 
The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
 
==Pathophysiology==
 
===Pathogenesis===
 
==== Sialolithiasis : ====
* Presence of stones within the salivary glands or the salivary gland ducts.
 
* The exact pathogenesis of sialolithias is not fully understood but relative stagnation of salivary flow and calcium concentration may be important.
 
* Component of salivary stones include: <ref name="pmid104777892">{{cite journal |vauthors=Williams MF |title=Sialolithiasis |journal=Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. |volume=32 |issue=5 |pages=819–34 |year=1999 |pmid=10477789 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** Calcium phosphate
** Hydroxyapatite
** Magnesium
** Ammonium
** Potassium
 
* Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands and minor salivary glands are prone to the development of stones.<ref name="pmid25443682">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mandel L |title=Salivary gland disorders |journal=Med. Clin. North Am. |volume=98 |issue=6 |pages=1407–49 |year=2014 |pmid=25443682 |doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2014.08.008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3318353">{{cite journal |vauthors=McKenna JP, Bostock DJ, McMenamin PG |title=Sialolithiasis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=119–25 |year=1987 |pmid=3318353 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
* Parotid glands and stensen ducts are located anterior to the external auditory canal.
 
* Submandibular glands and wharton ducts are located beneath the floor of the mouth.
 
* Sublingual glands are located beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth.
 
* 75 percent of sialadenosis cases are single
 
* 3 percent of stones are bilateral and most of them are located in parotid glands.
 
* Submandibular stones are the largest ones and are often located in the wharton ducts.  
 
* Parotid stones are the smaller than submandibular stones, and they are more located within the glands and they are more multiple.  
 
* Stone formation is 80 to 90 percent in the submandibular gland, 6 to 20 percent in the parotid glands, 1 to 2 percent occur in the sublingual or minor salivary glands .
 
* Stones occur equally on the right and left sides.
Acute sialadenitis is related to inflammation or infection of the salivary glands. Parotid and submandibular glands are more involved in acute sialadenitis.  
 
10% of all cases of sialadenitis is related to involvement of submandibular gland.  
 
The submandibular gland is suggested to account for approximately 10% of all cases of sialadenitis of the major salivary glands
 
The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.
 
'''Sialoadenitis'''
* Inflammation of a salivary gland
* Swelling is usually present
* Acute sialoadenitis may be caused by viral or bacterial infection<ref name="pmid33183532">{{cite journal |vauthors=McKenna JP, Bostock DJ, McMenamin PG |title=Sialolithiasis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=119–25 |year=1987 |pmid=3318353 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*;
*:
* Chronic sialoadenitis is caused by repeated episodes of inflammation and finally it progresses to salivary gland dysfucntion.
 
==Associated Conditions==
 
==Gross Pathology==
*On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
 
==Microscopic Pathology==
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
 
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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Revision as of 15:04, 30 January 2018

Sialolithiasis Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Mahda Alihashemi M.D. [2]

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR


[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

Sialolithiasis :

  • Presence of stones within the salivary glands or the salivary gland ducts.
  • The exact pathogenesis of sialolithias is not fully understood but relative stagnation of salivary flow and calcium concentration may be important.
  • Component of salivary stones include: [1]
    • Calcium phosphate
    • Hydroxyapatite
    • Magnesium
    • Ammonium
    • Potassium
  • Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands and minor salivary glands are prone to the development of stones.[2][3]
  • Parotid glands and stensen ducts are located anterior to the external auditory canal.
  • Submandibular glands and wharton ducts are located beneath the floor of the mouth.
  • Sublingual glands are located beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth.
  • 75 percent of sialadenosis cases are single
  • 3 percent of stones are bilateral and most of them are located in parotid glands.
  • Submandibular stones are the largest ones and are often located in the wharton ducts.
  • Parotid stones are the smaller than submandibular stones, and they are more located within the glands and they are more multiple.
  • Stone formation is 80 to 90 percent in the submandibular gland, 6 to 20 percent in the parotid glands, 1 to 2 percent occur in the sublingual or minor salivary glands .
  • Stones occur equally on the right and left sides.

Acute sialadenitis is related to inflammation or infection of the salivary glands. Parotid and submandibular glands are more involved in acute sialadenitis.  

10% of all cases of sialadenitis is related to involvement of submandibular gland.  

The submandibular gland is suggested to account for approximately 10% of all cases of sialadenitis of the major salivary glands

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

Sialoadenitis

  • Inflammation of a salivary gland
  • Swelling is usually present
  • Acute sialoadenitis may be caused by viral or bacterial infection[4]
  • Chronic sialoadenitis is caused by repeated episodes of inflammation and finally it progresses to salivary gland dysfucntion.

Associated Conditions

Gross Pathology

  • On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

  • On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

References

  1. ↑ Williams MF (1999). "Sialolithiasis". Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. 32 (5): 819–34. PMID 10477789.
  2. ↑ Mandel L (2014). "Salivary gland disorders". Med. Clin. North Am. 98 (6): 1407–49. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2014.08.008. PMID 25443682.
  3. ↑ McKenna JP, Bostock DJ, McMenamin PG (1987). "Sialolithiasis". Am Fam Physician. 36 (5): 119–25. PMID 3318353.
  4. ↑ McKenna JP, Bostock DJ, McMenamin PG (1987). "Sialolithiasis". Am Fam Physician. 36 (5): 119–25. PMID 3318353.

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