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{{Toxic megacolon}}
{{Toxic megacolon}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Toxic megacolon''' is a life-threatening complication of other intestinal conditions. It is characterized by a very dilated [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]] ([[megacolon]]), accompanied by abdominal distension ([[bloating]]), and sometimes [[fever]], [[abdominal pain]], or [[Shock (medical)|shock]].
 
==Historical Perspective==
 
==Classification==
 
==Pathophysiology==
 
==Causes==
 
==Differentiating ((Page name)) from Other Diseases==
 
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
 
==Risk Factors==
 
==Screening==
 
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
 
 
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===Diagnostic Criteria===
===History and Symptoms===
===Physical Examination===
===Laboratory Findings===
===Laboratory Findings===
There is usually an elevated [[white blood cell]] count. Severe sepsis may present with hypothermia or [[leukopenia]].
 
===Abdominal X Ray===
===Electrocardiogram===
An abdominal [[radiography]] shows colonic dilation.
 
===X-ray===
 
===Ultrasound===
 
===CT scan===
 
===MRI===
 
===Other Imaging Findings===
 
===Other Diagnostic Studies===
 
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
===Medical Therapy===
===Medical Therapy===
Fluid and electrolyte replacement help to prevent dehydration and shock. Use of [[corticosteroid]]s may be indicated to suppress the [[inflammatory]] reaction in the colon if megacolon has resulted from active inflammatory bowel disease. [[Antibiotics]] may be given to prevent [[sepsis]] (a severe infection).
 
===Surgery===
===Surgery===
The objective of treatment is to decompress the bowel and to prevent swallowed air from further distending the bowel. If decompression is not achieved or the patient does not improve within 24 hours, a [[colectomy]] (surgical removal of all or part of the colon) is indicated.
 
===Primary Prevention===
===Primary Prevention===
Treatment of the underlying disease is important to prevent toxic megacolon.
 
===Secondary Prevention===


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Surgery]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[fr:mégacôlon toxique]]
[[pl:Ostre rozdęcie okrężnicy]]


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Revision as of 20:11, 25 October 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating ((Page name)) from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

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Primary Prevention

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